G. K. Beale - Commentary on the New Testament Use of the Old Testament

2007 by G. K. Beale and D. A. Carson

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ISBN 978-1-4412-1052-4

Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data is on file at the Library of Congress, Washington, D.C.

Unless otherwise indicated, Scripture quotations are the authors translations.

Scripture quotations labeled ESV are from The Holy Bible, English Standard Version, copyright 2001 by Crossway Bibles, a division of Good News Publishers. Used by permission. All rights reserved.

Scripture quotations labeled NASB are from the New American Standard Bible, copyright 1960, 1962, 1963, 1968, 1971, 1972, 1973, 1975, 1977, 1995 by The Lockman Foundation. Used by permission. www.lockman.org

Scripture quotations labeled NIV are from the Holy Bible, New International Version. NIV. Copyright 1973, 1978, 1984 by Biblica, Inc. Used by permission of Zondervan. All rights reserved worldwide. www.zondervan.com

Scripture quotations labeled NKJV are from the New King James Version. Copyright 1982 by Thomas Nelson, Inc. Used by permission. All rights reserved.

Scripture quotations labeled NLT are from the Holy Bible , New Living Translation, copyright 1996. Used by permission of Tyndale House Publishers, Inc., Wheaton, Illinois 60189. All rights reserved.

Scripture quotations labeled NRSV are from the New Revised Standard Version of the Bible, copyright 1989, by the Division of Christian Education of the National Council of the Churches of Christ in the United States of America. Used by permission. All rights reserved.

Scripture quotations labeled TNIV are from the Holy Bible, Todays New International Version. TNIV. Copyright 2001, 2005 by Biblica, Inc. Used by permission of Zondervan. All rights reserved worldwide. www.zondervan.com

C ONTENTS

G. K. Beale and D. A. Carson

Craig L. Blomberg

Rikk E. Watts

David W. Pao and Eckhard J. Schnabel

Andreas J. Kstenberger

I. Howard Marshall

Mark A. Seifrid

Roy E. Ciampa and Brian S. Rosner

Peter Balla

Moiss Silva

Frank S. Thielman

Moiss Silva

G. K. Beale

Jeffrey A. D. Weima

Philip H. Towner

George H. Guthrie

D. A. Carson

D. A. Carson

D. A. Carson

D. A. Carson

D. A. Carson

G. K. Beale and Sean M. McDonough

P REFACE

When the two editors of this volume began the project almost a decade ago, neither of us anticipated that it would take this long to bring it to completion. Unrealistic expectations, illness among the contributors and their families, and shifting and competing obligations all conspired to delay the project. We are profoundly grateful for the patience of the contributors who managed to submit their work in a timely manner, some of whom updated their work later, and of Baker Academic, whose editorial staff encouraged and even cajoled editors and contributors alike, but never nagged.

Yet we would also be the first to acknowledge how privileged we are to have worked on this. With many other Christians, we have thought long and hard about how the Bible hangs together, how later parts use earlier parts, and how in particular the NT documents cite or allude to the OT. Both of us have devoted a considerable part of our academic lives to these questions. So to labor with a team of scholars who have systematically worked through the evidence and to read and interact with what they have written and prepare it for the press has left us feeling enriched, and we are grateful.

Many of the quotations and allusions studied in these many hundreds of pages have been probed in greater detail elsewheresometimes in learned essays and monographs, sometimes in long and technical commentaries. But some of the treatments are fresh, and, perhaps more importantly, nowhere has all of this kind of material been brought together in one place. Readers will be helped to think through how a particular NT book or writer habitually uses the OT; they will be stimulated to see how certain OT passages and themes keep recurring in the various NT corpora. Moreover, even if some contemporary readers do not think the Bible holds together in any theological sense (as the editors and contributors do), every thoughtful reader must acknowledge that the biblical books themselves have been read that way from the time of their early circulation, and that the writers of the NT books saw themselves not (in some Marcionite fashion) as originators who could cheerfully dispense with whatever they wanted from the OT, but as those who stood under the authority of those OT documents even as they promulgated fresh interpretations of those documents. Whether we think the books of Scripture are the word of God or not, we ought at least to begin by extending to the writers of the NT the courtesy of trying to understand how they saw their task as they cited and explained the documents associated with the old covenant, the documents that they revered as h graph (the Scripture).

If this volume helps some scholars and preachers to think more coherently about the Bible and teach the whole counsel of God with greater understanding, depth, reverence, and edification for fellow believers, contributors and editors alike will happily conclude that the thousands of hours invested in this book were a very small price to pay. We shall thank God for the privilege of spending so much time studying his word and see ourselves, once again, as debtors to grace.

G. K. Beale
D. A. Carson

C ONTRIBUTORS

Peter Balla (PhD, University of Edinburgh) is the chair of New Testament studies at Kroli Gspr Reformed University in Budapest, Hungary.

G. K. Beale (PhD, University of Cambridge) is Kenneth T. Wessner Chair of Biblical Studies and professor of New Testament at Wheaton College Graduate School.

Craig L. Blomberg (PhD, University of Aberdeen) is distinguished professor of New Testament at Denver Seminary.

D. A. Carson (PhD, University of Cambridge) is research professor of New Testament at Trinity Evangelical Divinity School.

Roy E. Ciampa (PhD, University of Aberdeen) is associate professor of New Testament at Gordon-Conwell Theological Seminary.

George H. Guthrie (PhD, Southwestern Baptist Theological Seminary) is Benjamin W. Perry Professor of Bible at Union University.

Andreas J. Kstenberger (PhD, Trinity Evangelical Divinity School) is professor of New Testament at Southeastern Baptist Theological Seminary.

I. Howard Marshall (PhD, University of Aberdeen) is emeritus professor of New Testament exegesis and honorary research professor at the University of Aberdeen.

Sean M. McDonough (PhD, University of St. Andrews) is assistant professor of New Testament at Gordon-Conwell Theological Seminary.

David W. Pao (PhD, Harvard University) is assistant professor of New Testament at Trinity Evangelical Divinity School.

Brian S. Rosner (PhD, University of Cambridge) is professor of New Testament and ethics at Moore Theological College.

Eckhard J. Schnabel (PhD, University of Aberdeen) is professor of New Testament at Trinity Evangelical Divinity School.

Mark A. Seifrid (PhD, Princeton Theological Seminary) is Mildred and Ernest Hogan Professor of New Testament Interpretation at Southern Baptist Theological Seminary.