Weir - The Wars of the Roses

I am indebted, as usual, to my editor, Jill Black, for her invaluable assistance and support, and also to Pascal Cariss of Jonathan Cape for all his hard work on a difficult manuscript. Thanks are also due to Cathie Arrington for her excellent picture research, and to my literary agent, Julian Alexander, for his constant encouragement.

I would also like to acknowledge, with grateful thanks, the help given me by my brother-in-law, Dr Ronald Weir of the University of York, in estimating monetary values in the fifteenth century. Lastly, I must once again thank my husband, Rankin, my children, John and Kate, and my parents, Doreen and James Cullen, for their forbearance, help and enthusiasm over the last two years.

by the same author

BRITAINS ROYAL FAMILIES:
THE COMPLETE GENEALOGY

THE SIX WIVES OF HENRY VIII

THE PRINCES IN THE TOWER

THE CHILDREN OF HENRY VIII

THE LIFE OF ELIZABETH I

ELEANOR OF AQUITAINE

HENRY VIII: THE KING AND HIS COURT

About the Author

A LISON W EIR is the New York Times bestselling author of Britains Royal Families: The Complete Genealogy, The Six Wives of Henry VIII, The Princes in the Tower, The Children of Henry VIII, The Life of Elizabeth I, Eleanor of Aquitaine, and Henry VIII: The King and His Court. She lives in Scotland with her husband and two children.

Primary Sources

Adam of Usk: Cronicon Adae de Usk (ed. E. M. Thompson, London, 1904)

Archaeologia, or Miscellaneous Tracts relating to Antiquity (102 vols., Society of Antiquaries, 17771969)

Basin, Thomas: Histoire de Charles VII (ed. C. Samaran, Paris, 19645)

Basin, Thomas: Histoire de Louis XI (ed. C. Samaran and M. C. Garand, Paris, 19636)

Basin, Thomas: Histoires des Rgnes de Charles VII et de Louis XI (ed. J. Quicherat, Paris, 18559)

Benet, John: John Benets Chronicle for the Years 1400 to 1462 (ed. G. L. Harriss and M. A. Harriss, Camden Miscellany. vol. XXIV, London, 1972)

Blacman, John: Henry the Sixth: A Reprint of John Blacmans Memoir (ed. M. R. James, Cambridge, 1919)

The Brut, or the Chronicles of England (ed. F. Brie, Early English Texts Society, 19068)

Calendar of Charter Rolls, Vol. VI, 14271516 (HMSO, 1927)

Calendar of Close Rolls, 145461, 146168, 146876 (HMSO, 1954)

Calendar of Documents relating to Scotland, Vol. IV 13571509 (ed. J. Bain, London, 1888)

Calendar of Patent Rolls, Henry VI and Edward IV (HMSO, London, 194967)

Calendar of Signet Letters, Henry IV and Henry V (HMSO, London, 1978)

Calendar of State Papers and Manuscripts existing in the Archives andCollections of Milan, Vol. I 13881618 (ed. A. B. Hinds, London, 1913)

Calendar of State Papers and Manuscripts relating to English Affairs existing in the Archives and Collections of Venice, Vol. I 12021309 (ed. R. Brown, London, 1864)

Capgrave, John: The Book of the Illustrious Henries (ed. F. C. Hingeston, London, 1858)

The Cely Papers (ed. Henry Elliot Maiden, Camden Society, 1900)

Chastellain, Georges: Chronicles of the Dukes of Burgundy (in Oeuvres, vols. IV and V, ed. K. de Lettenhove, Brussels, 1864)

The Chronicle of Bermondsey, 10421442 (in Annales Monastici, 5 vols., ed. H. R. Luard, Rolls Series, 18649)

A Chronicle of London from 1089 to 1483 (ed. H. Nicolas and E. Tyrell, London, 1827)

The Chronicle of the Rebellion in Lincolnshire, 1470 (ed. J. G. Nichols, Camden Miscellany, 1847)

Chronicles of London (ed. C. L. Kingsford, Oxford, 1905; reprinted Alan Sutton, 1977)

Chronicles of the White Rose of York (ed. J. A. Giles, 1845)

Chronique de la Trason et Mort de Richard Deux, Roy Dengleterre (ed. and trans. B. Williams, English Historical Society, 1847)

Chronique du Religieux de Saint-Denys, 13801422 (6 vols., ed. and trans. F. Bellaguet, Paris, 183952)

Clerq, Jacques du: Mmoires sur le Rgne de Philippe le Bon, Duc de Bourgogne (4 vols., ed. M. le Baron de Reiffenberg, Brussels, 1836)

A Collection of Ordinances and Regulations for the Government of the Royal Household made in divers reigns from King Edward III to King William and Queen Mary (Society of Antiquaries, 1790)

A Collection of Wills of the Kings and Queens of England from William the Conqueror to Henry VII (ed. J. Nichols, Society of Antiquaries, 1780)

Commines, Philippe de: Mmoires (3 vols., ed. J. L. A. Calmette and G. Durville, Paris, 18245; ed. and trans. M. Jones, Penguin Classics, London, 1972)

The Cotton Manuscripts in the British Library

The Coventry Leet Book (ed. M. D. Harris in four parts, Early English Texts Society, Original Series, 190713)

Creton, Jean: Histoire du Roy dAngleterre, Richard (manuscript in the Bibliothque Nationale Paris, ed. and trans. J. Webb in Archaeologia, XX, 1824)

The Croyland Chronicle Continuation, 14591486 (ed. N. Prona and J. Cox, Alan Sutton, 1986)

Dpches des ambassadeurs Milanais en France sous Louis XI et Franois Sforza (4 vols., ed. B. de Mandrot, Paris, 191619)

The Dieulacres Chronicle (in The Deposition of Richard II by M. V. Clarke and V. H. Galbraith, Bulletin of the John Rylands Library, XIV, 1930; reprinted in M. V. Clarke, Fourteenth Century Studies, Oxford, 1939)

England under the Yorkists (ed. I. D. Thornley, 1920)

An English Chronicle of the Reigns of Richard II, Henry IV, Henry V and Henry VI (ed. J. S. Davies, Camden Society, 1856)

English Historical Documents, Vol. 5 13271485 (ed. A. R. Myers, Eyre and Spottiswoode, 1969)

English Historical Literature in the Fifteenth Century (ed. C. L. Kingsford, Oxford, 1913: reprinted New York, 1962)

Fabyan, Robert: The Concordance of Histories: The New Chronicles of England and France (ed. H. Ellis, London, 1811)

Foedera, Conventiones, Litterae, etc., 11011654, Vols. I-XV (20 vols., compiled by Thomas Rymer, London, 170435)

Fortescue, Sir John: The Governance of England (ed. C. Plummer, Oxford, 1885)

Fortescue, Sir John: De Laudibus Legum Angliae (trans. F. Grigor, London, 1917)

Gesta Henrici Quinti: The Deeds of Henry the Fifth (trans. and ed. F. Taylor and J. S. Roskell, Oxford, 1975)

The Great Chronicle of London (ed. A. H. Thomas and I. D. Thornley, Guildhall Library, London, 1938, privately printed)

Gregorys Chronicle: The Historical Collections of a Citizen of London in the Fifteenth Century (ed. James Gairdner, Camden Society, 1876)

Hall, Edward: The Union of the Two Noble and Illustre Families of Lancaster and York (ed. H. Ellis, London, 1809; facsimile edition of the original published 1970)

Hardying, John: Chronicle (ed. H. Ellis, London, 1812, and ed. C. L. Kingsford in English Historical Review, XXVII, 1912)

The Harleian Manuscripts in the British Library

Historiae Croylandensis Continuario (in Rerum Anglicarum Scriptores Veterum, Vol. I, ed W. Fulman, Oxford, 1684)

Historiae Vitae et Regni Ricardi Secundi (ed. G. B. Snow, University of Pennsylvania, 1977)

Historie of the Arrivall of King Edward IV in England and the final Recoverye of his Kingdomes from Henry VI, A.D. 1471