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Andrew Fleming - Swaledale

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title Swaledale Valley of the Wild River author Fleming Andrew - photo 1

title:Swaledale : Valley of the Wild River
author:Fleming, Andrew.
publisher:Edinburgh University Press
isbn10 | asin:1853311979
print isbn13:9781853311970
ebook isbn13:9780585086675
language:English
subjectSwaledale (England)--Antiquities, Swaledale (England)--History, Yorkshire Dales (England)--Antiquities, Yorkshire Dales (England)--History.
publication date:1998
lcc:DA690.S969F54 1998eb
ddc:936.28/48
subject:Swaledale (England)--Antiquities, Swaledale (England)--History, Yorkshire Dales (England)--Antiquities, Yorkshire Dales (England)--History.
Page i
Swaledale
Valley of the Wild River
Page ii
The name is related to swallow the bird and belongs to the root svel- to - photo 2
'The name is related to swallow (the bird) and belongs to the root svel- "to move
, plash"... the meaning of the name seems to be "whirling, rushing river".' Eilert Ekwall
Page iii
Swaledale
Valley of the Wild River
Andrew Fleming
Edinburgh University Press
Page iv
For John and Barbara, my parents,
who introduced me to landscape
Andrew Fleming, 1998
Edinburgh University Press
22 George Square, Edinburgh
Typeset in Palatino Light by Pioneer Associates, Perthshire, and printed and bound in Great Britain by The Bath Press
A CIP record for this book is available from the British Library
ISBN 1 85331 197 9
The fight of Andrew Fleming to be identified as the author of this work has been asserted in accordance with the Copyright, Designs and Patents Act 1988.
Page v
Contents
Preface
vii
1. All Features Great and Small: Landscape Archaeology in Herriot Country
1
2. In the Kingdom of the Swale
18
3. Decoding the Pattern of Townships
33
4. Conflict and Common Sense
52
5. Reconstructing Community Landscapes
65
6. In Search of Old Wood Pastures
82
7. People, Places and Pathways
101
8. From Microliths to Maiden Castle
118
9. Romans and Countrymen
133
10. History and the Swaledale Landscape
154
Index
163

Page vii
Preface
"The archaeology of the Yorkshire dales is one of Britain's best-kept secrets.' These are the words of Bob Bewley, an archaeologist who flew over the Pennines many times in the course of his work at the York office of the Royal Commission on Ancient and Historic Monuments. Bob was talking about the breathtaking diversity of what is prosaically known as 'the archaeological record' everything from old field-banks to charming seventeenth-century farmhouses, from deserted medieval villages to abandoned smelt-mills. He was talking also about the often excellent state of preservation of archaeological sites in the dales, and their ability to surprise even the seasoned archaeologist. And he was also talking about the potential of these sites to provide evidence for the history of the lovely landscapes in which they are located.
Certainly the landscape history of Swaledale, the northernmost of the Yorkshire Pennine dales, has been a well-kept secret. I have been trying to unravel it for ten years or so intermittently and on a low budget, as a university teacher usually must. I have been fortunate to work with Tim Laurie, who lives not far from Swaledale and has made many archaeological discoveries there, and in the support I have received from the Yorkshire Dales National Park, particularly from Robert White, the Park's archaeological conservation officer. Tim and I have worked on the 'ancient landscape' of the area around Reeth the old walls and earthworks of later prehistoric and Roman times and we hope to produce a detailed report on this work in due course.
Landscape archaeology is an approach which cannot be contained within narrow boundaries. While working on the ancient landscape, the humps and bumps of the late prehistoric and Roman periods, I began to realise that there was a story of woodland management to be teased out, a story which might prove to be more interesting than that of the famous walls and haybarns. I started to have problems with Arthur Raistrick's idea that the GrintonFremington dykes, two large banks and ditches crossing the dale near Reeth, were constructed as part of a rebellion against the Romans. Instead of thinking about Swaledale's footpaths as amenities for ramblers, I started to think about their historical origins. And I began to wonder about another of Swaledale's well-loved images the sturdy self-reliance symbolised by the family farm, isolated on the daleside; how did that square with the evidence for large areas of common land in the past, not to mention the exercise of common rights in the present?
I began to move into a different area of enquiry, getting involved with documents, and with maps old and new, as well as with bumps in the ground. I started to understand the importance of
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