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Peter Ward - Future Evolution

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Peter Ward Future Evolution

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Peter Ward

Future Evolution


FUTURE EVOLUTION

FUTURE EVOLUTION PETER WARD Images by ALEXIS ROCKMAN Foreword by NILES ELDREDGE - photo 1


FUTURE EVOLUTION

PETER WARD

Images by
ALEXIS ROCKMAN

Foreword by
NILES ELDREDGE

Future Evolution - image 2

A W. H. Freeman Book

TIMES BOOKS
Henry Holt and Company

New York


To H. G. Wells and his descendants


Future Evolution - image 3

TIMES BOOKS
Henry Holt and Company, LLC
Publishers since 1866
115 West 18th Street
New York, New York 10011

I would like to thank the following people for various reasons:

Sam Fleischman
Jill Rowe
John Michel
Niles Eldredge
Jean-Jacques Annaud

Diana Blume
Kirk Johnson
Kurt Keifer
Andrew Vallely
Tom Sanford
Rob DeSalle
Daniel Heiminder
Carl Zimmer
Alisa Tager
Anne Pasternak

And I would like to thank my gallerists Jay Gorney, Karin Bravin, and John Lee,
and especially Rodney Hill. A.R.

Henry Holt is a registered trademark of Henry Holt and Company, LLC.

Copyright 2001 by Peter Ward (text) and Alexis Rockman (images). All rights reserved.

Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data

Ward, Peter
Future evolution / Peter Ward; images by Alexis Rockman; foreword by Niles Eldredge.
p. cm.

Includes bibliographical references (p. ).
ISBN 0-7167-3496-6 (cloth)
1. Evolution (Biology) I. Title.
QH366.2 .W37 2001
576.8 dc21

2001003607

Henry Holt books are available for special promotions and premiums.
For details contact: Director, Special Markets

First Edition 2001

Designed by Diana Blume

Printed in Hong Kong

10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1


CONTENTS
vii
Biological Futures
Niles Eldredge
ix
xiii
The Chronic Argonauts1

The Deep Past: A Tale of Two Extinctions

13
The Near Past: The Beginning of the End of the Age of Megamammals37
Into the Present47

Reuniting Gondwanaland

63

The Near Future: A New World

79

The First Ten Million Years: The Recovery Fauna

103

After the Recovery: A New Age?

119

The Future Evolution of Humans

139

Scenarios of Human Extinction: Will There Be an After Man?

155

Deep Time, Far Future

169
177
183

v


IMAGES

Facing page 1; page 102 The Farm, 2000
Oil and acrylic on wood, 96 X 120 inches

Page 12 Lystrosaurus and the Permian, 1998
Oil and acrylic on wood, 48 X 40 inches

Page 16 Four Interpretations of Gorgon Heads, Genus Rubidgea (clockwise from upper left): reptilian; two after the fashion on a mammal-like reptile; amphibian.
Permian sediment and polymer on paper, 8.5 X 11 inches*

Page 19 Early Therapods Mating, 1998
Oil and acrylic on wood, 40 X 48 inches

Page 25 Chicxulub, 1998
Oil and acrylic on wood, 56 X 44 inches

Page 27 Triceratops and the K-T Extinction, 1998
Oil and acrylic on wood, 24 X 18 inches

Page 31 Velociraptor Pursues Cretaceous Mammal, 1998
Oil and acrylic on wood, 40 X 32 inches

Page 36 The Rise of Mammals, 1998
Oil and acrylic on wood, 32 X 40 inches

Page 40 North America, 1998
Oil and acrylic on wood, 40 X 60 inches

Page 42 La Brea Tar Pit Drawings (clockwise from upper left): Saber tooth cat; American mastodon; camel; La Brea condor. La Brea tar and lacquer on gessoed paper, 11 X 8.5 inches*

Page 46 First Encounter
Watercolor and ink on paper, 26.25 X 38.25 inches

Page 49 Fragments, 1998
Oil and acrylic on wood, 64 X 96 inches

Page 62 The Beach: Demerara River Delta, 1994-96
Oil, sand, polymer, lacquer, mixed media on wood, 96 X 64 inches

Page 69 Pasture, Scrub, Cecropia, Primary and Secondary Forest, 1998
Watercolor and ink on paper, 30.50 X 41 inches

vii


Pages 74-75 A Recent History of the World, 1997-98
Oil and acrylic on wood, 58 X 255.75 inches

Page 78 Central Park, 1997-98
Acrylic and oil on two wood panels, 8 X 80 inches (overall)

Page 84 Concrete Jungle III, 1992
Oil on wood, 56 X 44 inches

Page 94 Concrete Jungle II, 1991
Oil on wood, 96 X 64 inches

Page 106 Drainage Ditch: Georgetown, Guyana, 1995
Oil on two wood panels, 60 X 100 inches

Page 113 Thylacine, 1997
Watercolor and ink on paper, 26.25 X 38.25 inches

Page 122-123 Rat Evolution, 1999
Oil and acrylic on wood, 15 X 50 inches

Page 115 Dandelion Evolution, 2000
Watercolor and ink on paper (graphic overlay), 24 X 18 inches

Page 116 Snake Evolution, 2000
Watercolor and ink on paper, (graphic overlay), 24 X 18 inches

Page 127 Crow Evolution, 2000
Watercolor and ink on paper (graphic overlay), 24 X 18 inches

Page 129 Pig Evolution, 2000
Watercolor and ink on paper (graphic overlay), 24 X 18 inches

Page 131 Burgess Shale Drawings (clockwise from upper left): Opabinia, Anomalocaris, Hallucigenia, Wiwaxia.
Pulverized shale and polymer on paper, 11 X 8.5 inches (one vertical drawing), 8.5 X 11 inches (three horizontal drawings)*

Page 138 The Hammock, 2000
Oil on wood, 60 X 72 inches

Page 154 The Triumph of Humans, 2001
Watercolor and ink on paper, 17 X 14 inches

Page 168 The Evaporated World, 2000
Watercolor and ink on paper, 24 X 18 inches

* These drawings were created with pigments derived from the medium in which the actual fossils were discovered, provided to the artist by the author.

All images courtesy of Gorney Bravin + Lee, New York. All works were photographed by Oren Slor, New York.

viii


FOREWORD
BIOLOGICAL FUTURES
Niles Eldredge

Committee on Evolutionary Processes, and Division of Paleontology,
The American Museum of Natural History,
Central Park West at 79th Street, New York, New York 10024

Predict the future? The future of evolution of life on earth-human life, bird life, fungal life? Most of us New Yorkers would say, Fageddabout it! We cant even predict weather with any accuracy more than three days in advance, even with all our global monitoring stations, constant satellite imagery and computer modeling. We go to bed at night, sure that the sun will rise, but with no way of knowing if the Dow Jones Industrial Average will rise, stay flat, or plummet. Sure, we can explain what happens ex post facto (the snowstorm didnt materialize because high pressure from Canada deflected the low off the Jersey shore, or the market fell on disappointing earnings reports in the tech sector). But predicting such complex systems with any consistency remains an elusive goal, maybe even a fantasy.
So how on earth can we expect to do any better with the future of life with its millions of species, its myriad ecosystems projecting whats going to happen, not this week or next month, but hundreds, thousands, millions of years down the road? Fageddabout it!

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