Tzvetan Todorov - A French Tragedy: Scenes of Civil War, Summer 1944 (Contemporary French Culture and Society)

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title	:	A French Tragedy : Scenes of Civil War, Summer 1944 Contemporary French Culture and Society
author	:	Todorov, Tzvetan.
publisher	:	University Press of New England
isbn10 | asin	:	0874517478
print isbn13	:	9780874517477
ebook isbn13	:	9780585247076
language	:	English
subject	World War, 1939-1945--France--Saint-Amand-Mont-Rond, Saint-Amand-Mont-Rond (France)--History, Sadrin, Ren, Mayors--France--Saint-Amand-Mont-Rond--Biography, World War, 1939-1945--Personal narratives, French.
publication date	:	1996
lcc	:	D802.F82S21496813 1996eb
ddc	:	940.54/8144552
subject	:	World War, 1939-1945--France--Saint-Amand-Mont-Rond, Saint-Amand-Mont-Rond (France)--History, Sadrin, Ren, Mayors--France--Saint-Amand-Mont-Rond--Biography, World War, 1939-1945--Personal narratives, French.

Page i A French Tragedy

Page ii Contemporary French Culture and Society edited by Richard J. Golsan, Mary Jean Green, and Lynn A. Higgins

Page iii A French Tragedy Scenes of Civil War, Summer 1944 Tzvetan Todorov Translated by Mary Byrd Kelly Translation edited and annotated by Richard J. Golsan DARTMOUTH COLLEGE Published by University Press of New England Hanover and London

Page iv DARTMOUTH COLLEGE Published by University Press of New England, Hanover, NH 03755 1996 by the Trustees of Dartmouth College Originally published in French as Une Tragdie franaiset 44: Scnes de guerre civile. Copyright Editions du Sevil, 1994. All rights reserved Printed in the United States of America 5 4 3 2 1 Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Todorov, Tzvetan, 1939 [Tragdie franaise. English] A French tragedy : scenes of civil war, summer 1944 / by Tzvetan Todorov ; translated by Mary Byrd Kelly ; translation edited and annotated by Richard J. Golsan. p. cm. (Contemporary French culture and society) Includes bibliographical references. ISBN 0-87451-747-8 1. World War, 19391945FranceSaint-Amand-Mont-Rond. 2. Saint Amand-Mont-Rond (France)History. 3. Sadrin, Ren. 4. Mayors FranceSaint-Amand-Mont-RondBiography. 5. World War, 1939-1945 Personal narratives, French. I. Title. II. Series. D802.F82S21496813 1996 940.54'8144552dc20 96-11603

Page v Contents Preface to the English Edition vii Translator's Note xiii Prologue xv The Characters xix Act 1: The Uprising 1 Act 2: Negotiations 48 Act 3: Punishment 83 Epilogue 116 Bibliography 135

Page vii Preface to the English Edition The original edition of A French Tragedy was intended for French readers familiar with the context surrounding the dramatic events related in the book. It might therefore be helpful to recall some of the elements of that context here. After the German army's lightening-quick victory in 1940, France signed an armistice agreement and immediately took its first steps on the road to collaboration. The head of state, Marshal Philippe Ptain, and his cabinet ministers, the most influential of whom was Pierre Laval, chose to lead the French State while at the same time agreeing to follow orders from Berlin or from the German embassy in Paris. They claimed that in so doing they spared the French people the consequences of direct occupation, but in fact they accomplished everything the Germans wanted and more. France provided Germany with all the raw materials it asked for, along with labor for its industries and, most serious of all, with Jews destined for death. Facing this collaborationist France stood another France, a fighting France, the France of the Resistance. Its beginnings were difficult: Charles de Gaulle's call to resistance, broadcast from London on June 18, 1940, went largely unnoticed, and de Gaulle himself had great difficulty establishing himself as sole French interlocutor with the heads of the Allied Forces in Britain and the United States. Interior resistance was equally slow to get started: in 1940 the Communists, who in principle were active enemies

Page viii of Hitler, were paralyzed by the German-Russian nonaggression pact; it was not until 1941 and the invasion of Russia that they could clearly identify their adversary. Other events, however, reinforced resistance: the German army's invasion of the Southern Zone of France in 1942, the Allies' military successes in 194243, and the Service du Travail Obligatoire (or STO, the Forced Work Service) instituted in 1943, which forced young Frenchmen to go to Germany. By 1944, resistance was effervescing; after the Normandy invasion of June 6, it was everywhere. The political situation of wartime France is sometimes hard to understand, for it was a result of the superposition of two distinct conflicts. One was the conflict between France and Germany; the other, within France itself, was between the political right and left. Of course, this superposition was only partial. The ideological debate between the right and left, a conflict that was exacerbated in the wake of the victory of the Popular Front in 1936, continued to fuel debates during the Occupation. The French right, especially its most extremist elements, may indeed have felt regret over the defeat of France; but at the same time, the right rejoiced over the defeat of the left or what in this case amounted to the same thing, the Republic. Ptain therefore pursued a program of "national revolution," and the slogan "Work, Family, Fatherland" replaced the republican trinity of "Liberty, Equality, Fraternity." Within this extreme right were two rival tendencies: one more conservative and nationalist, the other more revolutionary and ideological (Fascist).

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