Front-matter
The Yeasts, a Taxonomic Study
Volume 1
This book is dedicated to the memory of
Robert J. Bandoni
Helen R. Buckley
Nellie J. W. Kreger-van Rij
Martin W. Miller
Herman J. Phaff
Wilhelmina Ch. Slooff
Isabel Spencer-Martins
The Yeasts, a Taxonomic Study
Volume 1
Fifth Edition
Edited by
Cletus P. Kurtzman Bacterial Foodborne Pathogens and Mycology Research Unit, National Center for Agricultural Utilization Research, Agricultural Research Service, US Department of Agriculture, Peoria, Illinois, USA
Jack W. Fell Rosenstiel School of Marine and Atmospheric Science, University of Miami, Key Biscayne, Florida, USA
and
Teun Boekhout CBS-KNAW Fungal Biodiversity Centre, Utrecht, The Netherlands
Amsterdam Boston Heidelberg London New York Oxford Paris San Diego San Francisco Singapore Sydney Tokyo
Dedication
This book is dedicated to the memory of
Robert J. Bandoni
Helen R. Buckley
Nellie J. W. Kreger-van Rij
Martin W. Miller
Herman J. Phaff
Wilhelmina Ch. Slooff
Isabel Spencer-Martins
Copyright 2011 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
Copyright
Elsevier
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First edition 1952
Second edition 1970
Third edition 1984
Fourth edition 1998
Fifth edition 2011
Copyright 2011 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved
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ISBN: 978-0-444-52149-1 (Set)
ISBN: 978-0-123-84708-9 (Volume 1)
ISBN: 978-0-123-84707-2 (Volume 2)
ISBN: 978-0-123-84868-0 (Volume 3)
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Preface
Cletus P. Kurtzman, Jack W. Fell and Teun Boekhout
The importance of yeasts is underscored by our often daily consumption of bread and fermented beverages. Recent advances in biotechnology have increased our reliance on yeasts for pharmaceuticals and for bulk biochemicals such as citric acid. Furthermore, clinically important yeasts are commonplace, especially as numbers of immunosuppressed patients increase, and biologists are continuing to discover the importance of yeasts in the ecosystem and their application in the biocontrol of plant pests. All of these areas of science and technology have a common need: the rapid and accurate identification of yeasts. The goal of this book is to provide that information.
This book, the fifth edition of The Yeasts, a Taxonomic Study, represents a continuation of the monographic series begun by J. Lodder and N.J.W. Kreger-van Rij (1st edn, 1952), J. Lodder (2nd edn, 1970), N.J.W. Kreger-van Rij (3rd edn, 1984) and C.P. Kurtzman and J.W. Fell (4th edn, 1998). In the fourth edition (1998), 100 genera and over 700 species were described. In the present edition, there are 149 genera and nearly 1500 species. The application of gene sequence analysis is largely responsible for the increase in the number of taxa presented in this edition. In 1998 and in 2000, diagnostic gene sequences were published for essentially all known yeasts. This advance allowed rapid, accurate species identification for the first time, and the method has been widely adopted by the yeast community to catalogue new species. Sequence analysis has also demonstrated that genera were often polyphyletic, and from such analyses many genera are now phylogenetically circumscribed. There is still much to do to understand phylogenetic relationships among species and genera, but a good start has been made.
In this edition, a large array of fermentation and growth tests is reported for each species. These tests can be used for species identification, but as this is now commonly done from gene sequences, their major value is to provide information for the selection of biotechnologically important species, to understand how metabolism affects species ecology and for the selective isolation of taxa. Many of the species are illustrated by photographs or line drawings because it is important to know the species morphology and the method of growth.
This edition includes chapters on the importance of yeasts and the current methods used for their identification and classification. We hope readers will find these chapters useful, and that they will provide a starting point for more extensive studies with a fascinating group of fungi that we know as the yeasts.
Contributors
Feng-Yan Bai
Key Laboratory of Systematic Mycology and Lichenology, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Datun Road, Chaoyang District, Beijing 100101, China
Robert J. Bandoni
Prof. Emeritus, Botany Department, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada V6T 1Z4, Deceased
Roma Batra
Theodores Cove, Pewaukee, Wisconsin 53072, USA
Meredith Blackwell
Department of Biological Sciences, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, Louisiana 70803, USA
Teun Boekhout
CBS-KNAW Fungal Biodiversity Centre, Uppsalalaan 8, 3584 CT Utrecht, The Netherlands
Kyria Boundy-Mills
Department of Food Science and Technology, University of California Davis, California 95616, USA
Stanley Brul
Swammerdam Institute for Life Sciences, University of Amsterdam, Nieuwe Achtergracht 166, 1018WV Amsterdam, The Netherlands
Neza Cadez
Biotechnical Faculty, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia