James K. Lowers - King Henry IV, part 2: notes ..., Part 2
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This play completes the description of the reign of Henry IV, now ailing, whose son John is still fighting to quell a rebellion. Young Prince Hal, however, is growing up and learns to accept the responsibilities of being king when his father dies.
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Shakespeare, William,--1564-1616.--King Henry IV.--Part 2.
publication date
:
1963
lcc
:
PR2811.L69 1963eb
ddc
:
822.3
subject
:
Shakespeare, William,--1564-1616.--King Henry IV.--Part 2.
Page 1
King Henry IV, Part 2
Notes
by James K. Lowers, Ph.D. Department of English University of Hawaii
including Introduction Scene-by-Scene Synopses Commentaries Suggested Questions Character Sketches Critical Notes Selected Bibliography
INCORPORATED LINCOLN, NEBRASKA 68501
Page 2
Editor Gary Carey, M.A. University of Colorado
Consulting Editor James L. Roberts, Ph.D. Department of English University of Nebraska
ISBN 0-8220-0026-1
Copyright 1963
by Cliffs Notes, Inc.
All Rights Reserved
Printed in U.S.A.
1999 Printing
The Cliffs Notes logo, the names "Cliffs" and "Cliffs Notes," and the black and yellow diagonal-stripe cover design are all registered trademarks belonging to Cliffs Notes, Inc., and may not be used in whole or in part without written permission.
Cliffs Notes, Inc. Lincoln, Nebraska
Page 3
Contents
Introduction to the Play
5
Henry IV, Part 2
Introduction
6
Act I
7
Act II
14
Act III
25
Act IV
31
Act V
45
Summaries of Leading Characters
55
General Notes
60
Sixteenth-Century Political Theory
63
Questions and Answers
65
Selected Bibliography
69
Page 5
Introduction
It is apparent that Shakespeare planned both parts of Henry IV at the same time. In Holinshed's Chronicles of England, Scotland, and Ireland (1587 ed.), the chief source for his English chronicle history plays, he found the story of three rebellions against the English King. He chose to reduce these to two phases of a single rebellion. For the action relating to Prince Hal and the Lord Chief Justice, Shakespeare depended upon Sir Thomas Elyot's account in The Book Called the Governour (1531) and an old play entitled The Famous Victories of Henry V. Henry IV, Part I, was published in 1598, and that is the date accepted for the composition of the second part. An indication of its popularity is the fact that a quarto edition of the play was printed two years later after successful performances.
The first play ended with the royal victory over the rebels at Shrewsbury. "Thus ever did rebellion find rebuke" were the words of the King. But in the north parts of England civil war threatened, and King Henry ordered John of Lancaster and the Earl of Westmoreland to lead forces "against Northumberland and the prelate Scroop"that is, against Hotspur's father and the disgruntled Archbishop of York. It is at this point that the second part of the play begins.
Shakespeare's source did not provide him with such a figure as the gallant, impetuous Hotspur, who, as adversary of Prince Hal, made possible effective dramatic contrast and an exciting climax and resolution to the action. John of Lancaster, not Prince Hal, leads the King's forces against the rebels in this play. He defeats them by means of a ruse, not through valor. Prince Hal flourishes especially in the comic subplot throughout most of the play. Yet since the young Prince is to succeed his father and to become the Hero King of England, his role in the comic scenes is diminished appreciably toward the end, for Shakespeare carefully prepared the way to the rejection of Falstaff.
If there is no great foe like Hotspur in the main plot, it nevertheless has its own facets of interest. Chief among these is the attention given to the King's relation with Prince Hal. In scenes replete with irony, the conscious-stricken father is never able to push from his mind the knowledge that he was a usurper, and he misunderstands entirely the motives and actions of his son and heir. Audiences agree that the King's suffering has been movingly realized.
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