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Arij Ouweneel - Shadows over Anáhuac: an ecological interpretation of crisis and development in Central Mexico, 1730-1800

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Shadows over Anáhuac: an ecological interpretation of crisis and development in Central Mexico, 1730-1800: summary, description and annotation

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The majority of the population of colonial New Spain resided in the central Mexican region of An?huac. Drought, overpopulation, and the Bourbon Reforms eroded An?huacs prosperity during the eighteenth century. After a famine in 1786, both Indians and Spaniards sought to reverse this economic decline. These efforts are analyzed using an ecological approach to the interrelationship among population density, landscape, climate, and culture in shaping the rural economy. Ouweneel argues that Indians actively and astutely countered the downward spiral of the economy through emigration and urbanization, proto-industrialization, and charity solicited from the state, hacendados, and their own caciques. Indian caciques and Spanish entrepreneurs also collaborated for mutual benefit. A pathbreaking work . . . among the most original and important ever to appear on the economy of colonial Latin America.?Eric Van Young, University of California at San Diego

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title Shadows Over Anhuac An Ecological Interpretation of Crisis and - photo 1

title:Shadows Over Anhuac : An Ecological Interpretation of Crisis and Development in Central Mexico, 1730-1800
author:Ouweneel, Arij.
publisher:University of New Mexico
isbn10 | asin:0826317316
print isbn13:9780826317315
ebook isbn13:9780585160696
language:English
subjectMeseta Central (Mexico)--Economic conditions, Meseta Central (Mexico)--Environmental conditions, Meseta Central (Mexico)--History, Indians of Mexico--Mexico--Meseta Central--Economic conditions.
publication date:1996
lcc:HC137.M4O9513 1996eb
ddc:333.7/09725
subject:Meseta Central (Mexico)--Economic conditions, Meseta Central (Mexico)--Environmental conditions, Meseta Central (Mexico)--History, Indians of Mexico--Mexico--Meseta Central--Economic conditions.
Page iii
Shadows Over Anhuac
An Ecological Interpretation of Crisis and Development in Central Mexico, 1730-1800
Arij Ouweneel
University of New Mexico Press
Albuquerque
Page iv
To Arij Ouweneel, Sr. (1925-87),
who was unable to witness
the completion of this book.
It could not have been written
without his support.
1996 by the University of New Mexico Press
All rights reserved.
First edition
Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data
Ouweneel, Arij, 1957
[Onderbroken groei in Anahuac. English]
Shadows over Anahuac: an ecological interpretation of crisis and
development in Central Mexico, 1730-1800 / Arij Ouweneel. 1st
ed.
p. cm.
"Partly based on the large manuscript of the translation of...
Onderbroken groei in Anahuac"Introduction.
Includes bibliographical references and index.
ISBN 0-8263-1731-6 (cl.)
1. Meseta Central (Mexico)Economic conditions.
2. Meseta Central (Mexico)Environmental conditions.
3. Meseta Central (Mexico)History.
4. Indians of MexicoMexicoMeseta Central
Economic conditions.
I. Title.
HC137.M4O9513 1996
333.7'09725dc20
95-41814
CIP
Page v
Contents
List of Figures, Maps, and Tables
vii
Acknowledgments
ix
Prologue: The Ongoing Problem of the Chiaroscuro Century
1
1. Enfolding the Ecological Approach
27
2. A Lower Ceiling
59
3. A Good Tree Is a Good Shelter
101
4. Every Cloud Has a Silver Lining
159
5. First Implication: the Rise of Gobernadoryotl
211
6. Second Implication: Toward Proto-Industrialization
253
Epilogue: Rethinking Indian Economic Participation
307
Notes
333
Weights and Measures
371
Bibliography
373
Index
417
About the Book and Author
430

Page vii
List of Figures, Maps, and Tables
Figures
1. Number of tributarios in seven subregions of Anhuac, 1720-1800
11
2. The course of adaptation to ecological problems, based on Wilkinson
23
3. Diagram of Anhuac's physical appearance
67
4. Number of court cases involving land disputes in Anhuac, compared with the number of tributarios, 1710-1809
140
5. Diagram of the employment cycle of small peasant households in Anhuac, ca. 1750 and ca. 1800
304
6. Frank's development puzzle
309
7. Population density, economic differentiation, choice of crops and social stratification in terms of yield and geographical distance
320

Maps
1. The provinces of Anhuac, late eighteenth century
xii
2. The three valleys of Anhuac, eighteenth century
6
3. Four regional economies of New Spain in the eighteenth century
61
4. Division of Anhuac by structure of production into central and intermediate provinces based on data from Van Oss and Slicher van Bath
65
5. The pattern of rainfall in some provinces of Anhuac, 1790-95
73
6. The five types of climate in Anhuac, Kppen classification
77
7. Area of repeated good harvests in Anhuac, 1790-97
86
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