Dugas Gaé́tan - Patient Zero and the Making of the AIDS Epidemic

I am greatly indebted to my funding agencies, without whose financial support this work would not have been possible. These include the J. Armand Bombardier Foundation for an Internationalist Fellowship and the Wellcome Trust for a masters studentshipboth of which supported the early stages of this research. The bulk of the project was made possible with a generous award from the Wellcome Trust (080651) and support from the University of Oxfords Clarendon Fund. Travel awards from Green Templeton College, the American Association for the History of Medicine, and the Canadian Society for the History of Medicine also helped enable me to visit North America for research trips and conferences. In addition, research fellowships from the Economic and Social Research Council (PTA-026272838) and the Wellcome Trust (098705) provided opportunities for further research and writing.

For their early support and enthusiasm, I owe a great debt to Gareth Davies and Sloan Mahone. Their thoughtful questions and insightful feedback have improved this book immeasurably. At times when matters appeared particularly bleak, their encouragement made all the difference. Also heartening were discussions with Allan Brandt, Dorothy Porter, George Rousseau, Judith Leavitt, Virginia Berridge, Margaret Pelling, Pietro Corsi, Jason Szabo, Jacalyn Duffin, Naomi Rogers, and John Harley Warner. For their wonderful early teaching that helped put me on this path, I will always be grateful to Betty Anne Rivers Wang and the late Jerry Falk in South Surrey, British Columbia.

I would like to recognize the generous time and effort put in by each of my interviewees, whose trust and heartfelt reminiscences have enriched my work tremendously. I hope that I have succeeded in representing their views accurately and, where our interpretations have diverged, handled this with fairness and tact. I would like to thank Bill Darrow, Jean Robert, Joseph Sonnabend, Michael Brown, and Ray Redford for allowing me to consult copies of documents in their personal collections, and the siblings of Gatan Dugas for granting me permission to quote from their brothers correspondence. I must also thank the archivists and staff at the following archives and libraries for their time, patience, and assistance: Archives gaies de Qubec; Bibliothque et Archives nationales du Qubec; the British Columbia Gay and Lesbian Archives (BCGLA); the Canadian Lesbian and Gay Archives (CLGA); Columbia Universitys Center for Oral History Archives; the Gay, Lesbian, Bisexual, Transgender Historical Society; the John Hay Library; Library and Archives Canada; the Lesbian, Gay, Bisexual and Transgender Community Center National History Archive; the National Library of Medicine; the New York Public Library; ONE National Gay and Lesbian Archives at the USC [University of Southern California] Libraries; the Parish of Notre-Dame-de-LAnnonciation, Ancienne-Lorette; Ronald Reagan Presidential Library; San Francisco Public Library (SFPL); Sir James Dunn Law Library; the Toronto International Film Festival Groups Film Reference Library; and the University of CaliforniaSan Francisco (UCSF) Library and Center for Knowledge Management, Archives and Special Collections Division. Special mention must go to Alan Miller at CLGA; Josu Hurtado, formerly of UCSF; Ron Dutton at BCGLA; and Tim Wilson at SFPL for their exceptionally high level of assistance, as well as to the dedicated volunteer staff members at LGBT archives across North America, whose commitment to preserving and sharing records of the past are fundamentally important for historical endeavors like this one.

My time at Oxford would not have been the same without the wonderful people at the Wellcome Unit (particularly Carol Brady and Belinda Michaelides) and at Greenand later Green TempletonCollege. I cannot imagine better-suited environments for carrying out several years of research and reflectionparticularly when fueled by the tremendous food and interdisciplinary collegiality of Greens legendary lunchesand I will always feel fortunate to have lived and studied there. Out of this incredibly stimulating and welcoming community, a special thank-you is due to Pat Markus and her late husband Andrew for their ongoing guidance, support, and warm friendship. Mark Harrison and John Howard generously helped shape this book with their careful readings of an earlier iteration, as did two anonymous reviewers for the University of Chicago Press.