• Complain

Harari - Sapiens: A Brief History of Humankind

Here you can read online Harari - Sapiens: A Brief History of Humankind full text of the book (entire story) in english for free. Download pdf and epub, get meaning, cover and reviews about this ebook. City: Toronto;Ontario, year: 2019;2014, publisher: Signal, genre: Romance novel. Description of the work, (preface) as well as reviews are available. Best literature library LitArk.com created for fans of good reading and offers a wide selection of genres:

Romance novel Science fiction Adventure Detective Science History Home and family Prose Art Politics Computer Non-fiction Religion Business Children Humor

Choose a favorite category and find really read worthwhile books. Enjoy immersion in the world of imagination, feel the emotions of the characters or learn something new for yourself, make an fascinating discovery.

No cover
  • Book:
    Sapiens: A Brief History of Humankind
  • Author:
  • Publisher:
    Signal
  • Genre:
  • Year:
    2019;2014
  • City:
    Toronto;Ontario
  • Rating:
    3 / 5
  • Favourites:
    Add to favourites
  • Your mark:
    • 60
    • 1
    • 2
    • 3
    • 4
    • 5

Sapiens: A Brief History of Humankind: summary, description and annotation

We offer to read an annotation, description, summary or preface (depends on what the author of the book "Sapiens: A Brief History of Humankind" wrote himself). If you haven't found the necessary information about the book — write in the comments, we will try to find it.

Harari: author's other books


Who wrote Sapiens: A Brief History of Humankind? Find out the surname, the name of the author of the book and a list of all author's works by series.

Sapiens: A Brief History of Humankind — read online for free the complete book (whole text) full work

Below is the text of the book, divided by pages. System saving the place of the last page read, allows you to conveniently read the book "Sapiens: A Brief History of Humankind" online for free, without having to search again every time where you left off. Put a bookmark, and you can go to the page where you finished reading at any time.

Light

Font size:

Reset

Interval:

Bookmark:

Make
English translation copyright 2014 by Yuval Noah Harari Cloth edition published - photo 1
English translation copyright 2014 by Yuval Noah Harari Cloth edition published - photo 2

English translation copyright 2014 by Yuval Noah Harari

Cloth edition published 2014
Published simultaneously in the United Kingdom by Harvill Secker First published in Hebrew in Israel in 2011 by Kinneret, Zmora-Bitan, Dvir

Signal Books is an imprint of McClelland & Stewart, a division of Random House of Canada Limited, a Penguin Random House Company

All rights reserved. The use of any part of this publication reproduced, transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording, or otherwise, or stored in a retrieval system, without the prior written consent of the publisher or, in case of photocopying or other reprographic copying, a licence from the Canadian Copyright Licensing Agency is an infringement of the copyright law.

Library and Archives Canada Cataloguing in Publication

Harari, Yuval N., author
Sapiens : a brief history of humankind / Yuval Noah Harari.

Includes bibliographical references.
ISBN 978-0-7710-3850-1 (bound).ISBN 978-0-7710-3852-5 (html)

1. CivilizationHistory. 2. Human beingsHistory. I. Title.

CB25.H37 2014 909 C2014-904589-1

C2014-904590-5

Jacket design Suzanne Dean
Picture research by Caroline Wood
Maps by Neil Gower

McClelland & Stewart,
a division of Random House of Canada Limited,
a Penguin Random House Company
www.randomhouse.ca

v3.1

In loving memory of my father, Shlomo Harari

Contents

Afterword:
The Animal that Became a God

Timeline of History
Years Before the Present
13.5 billionMatter and energy appear. Beginning of physics. Atoms and molecules appear. Beginning of chemistry.
4.5 billionFormation of planet Earth.
3.8 billionEmergence of organisms. Beginning of biology.
6 millionLast common grandmother of humans and chimpanzees.
2.5 millionEvolution of the genus Homo in Africa. First stone tools.
2 millionHumans spread from Africa to Eurasia. Evolution of different human species.
500,000Neanderthals evolve in Europe and the Middle East.
300,000Daily usage of fire.
200,000Homo sapiens evolves in East Africa.
70,000The Cognitive Revolution. Emergence of fictive language.
Beginning of history. Sapiens spread out of Africa.
45,000Sapiens settle Australia. Extinction of Australian megafauna.
30,000Extinction of Neanderthals.
16,000Sapiens settle America. Extinction of American megafauna.
13,000Extinction of Homo floresiensis. Homo sapiens the only surviving human species.
12,000The Agricultural Revolution. Domestication of plants and animals. Permanent settlements.
5,000First kingdoms, script and money. Polytheistic religions.
4,250First empire the Akkadian Empire of Sargon.
2,500Invention of coinage a universal money.
The Persian Empire a universal political order for the benefit of all humans.
Buddhism in India a universal truth to liberate all beings from suffering.
2,000Han Empire in China. Roman Empire in the Mediterranean. Christianity.
1,400Islam.
500The Scientific Revolution. Humankind admits its ignorance and begins to acquire unprecedented power. Europeans begin to conquer America and the oceans. The entire planet becomes a single historical arena. The rise of capitalism.
200The Industrial Revolution. Family and community are replaced by state and market. Massive extinction of plants and animals.
The PresentHumans transcend the boundaries of planet Earth. Nuclear weapons threaten the survival of humankind. Organisms are increasingly shaped by intelligent design rather than natural selection.
The FutureIntelligent design becomes the basic principle of life? Homo sapiens is replaced by superhumans?
Part One
The Cognitive Revolution
A human handprint made about 30000 years ago on the wall of the - photo 3

A human handprint made about 30,000 years ago, on the wall of the Chauvet-Pont-dArc Cave in southern France. Somebody tried to say, I was here!

An Animal of No Significance

ABOUT 13.5 BILLION YEARS AGO, MATTER, energy, time and space came into being in what is known as the Big Bang. The story of these fundamental features of our universe is called physics.

About 300,000 years after their appearance, matter and energy started to coalesce into complex structures, called atoms, which then combined into molecules. The story of atoms, molecules and their interactions is called chemistry.

About 3.8 billion years ago, on a planet called Earth, certain molecules combined to form particularly large and intricate structures called organisms. The story of organisms is called biology.

About 70,000 years ago, organisms belonging to the species Homo sapiens started to form even more elaborate structures called cultures. The subsequent development of these human cultures is called history.

Three important revolutions shaped the course of history: the Cognitive Revolution kick-started history about 70,000 years ago. The Agricultural Revolution sped it up about 12,000 years ago. The Scientific Revolution, which got under way only 500 years ago, may well end history and start something completely different. This book tells the story of how these three revolutions have affected humans and their fellow organisms.

There were humans long before there was history. Animals much like modern humans first appeared about 2.5 million years ago. But for countless generations they did not stand out from the myriad other organisms with which they shared their habitats.

On a hike in East Africa 2 million years ago, you might well have encountered a familiar cast of human characters: anxious mothers cuddling their babies and clutches of carefree children playing in the mud; temperamental youths chafing against the dictates of society and weary elders who just wanted to be left in peace; chest-thumping machos trying to impress the local beauty and wise old matriarchs who had already seen it all. These archaic humans loved, played, formed close friendships and competed for status and power but so did chimpanzees, baboons and elephants. There was nothing special about them. Nobody, least of all humans themselves, had any inkling that their descendants would one day walk on the moon, split the atom, fathom the genetic code and write history books. The most important thing to know about prehistoric humans is that they were insignificant animals with no more impact on their environment than gorillas, fireflies or jellyfish.

Biologists classify organisms into species. Animals are said to belong to the same species if they tend to mate with each other, giving birth to fertile offspring. Horses and donkeys have a recent common ancestor and share many physical traits. But they show little sexual interest in one another. They will mate if induced to do so but their offspring, called mules, are sterile. Mutations in donkey DNA can therefore never cross over to horses, or vice versa. The two types of animals are consequently considered two distinct species, moving along separate evolutionary paths. By contrast, a bulldog and a spaniel may look very different, but they are members of the same species, sharing the same DNA pool. They will happily mate and their puppies will grow up to pair off with other dogs and produce more puppies.

Next page
Light

Font size:

Reset

Interval:

Bookmark:

Make

Similar books «Sapiens: A Brief History of Humankind»

Look at similar books to Sapiens: A Brief History of Humankind. We have selected literature similar in name and meaning in the hope of providing readers with more options to find new, interesting, not yet read works.


Reviews about «Sapiens: A Brief History of Humankind»

Discussion, reviews of the book Sapiens: A Brief History of Humankind and just readers' own opinions. Leave your comments, write what you think about the work, its meaning or the main characters. Specify what exactly you liked and what you didn't like, and why you think so.