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Friedrich Kahnert - Groundwater Irrigation and the Rural Poor: Options for Developpment in the Gangetic Basin (A World Bank Symposium)

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title Groundwater Irrigation and the Rural Poor Options for Development - photo 1

title:Groundwater Irrigation and the Rural Poor : Options for Development in the Gangetic Basin World Bank Symposium
author:Kahnert, Friedrich
publisher:World Bank
isbn10 | asin:0821324012
print isbn13:9780821324011
ebook isbn13:9780585229119
language:English
subjectIrrigation--Economic aspects--Ganges River Watershed (India and Bangladesh)--Congresses, Groundwater--Ganges River Watershed (India and Bangladesh)--Congresses, Rural development--Ganges River Watershed (India and Bangladesh)--Congresses, Irrigation--Econ
publication date:1993
lcc:HD1741.G3G76 1993eb
ddc:338.4/762752/09541
subject:Irrigation--Economic aspects--Ganges River Watershed (India and Bangladesh)--Congresses, Groundwater--Ganges River Watershed (India and Bangladesh)--Congresses, Rural development--Ganges River Watershed (India and Bangladesh)--Congresses, Irrigation--Econ
Page iii
Groundwater Irrigation and the Rural Poor
Options for Development in the Gangetic Basin
edited by
Friedrich Kahnert
and Gilbert Levine
The World Bank
Washington, D.C.
Page iv
1993 The International Bank for Reconstruction and Development / THE WORLD BANK
1818 H Street, N.W., Washington, D.C. 20433, U.S.A.
All rights reserved
Manufactured in the United States of America
First printing April 1993
The findings, interpretations, and conclusions expressed in this study are entirely those of the authors and should not be attributed in any manner to the World Bank, to its affiliated organizations, or to members of its Board of Executive Directors or the countries they represent.
Because of the informality of this series and to make the publication available with the least possible delay, the manuscript has not been edited as fully as would be the case with a more formal document, and the World Bank accepts no responsibility for errors.
The material in this publication is copyrighted. Requests for permission to reproduce portions of it should be sent to the Office of the Publisher at the address shown in the copyright notice above. The World Bank encourages dissemination of its work and will normally give permission promptly and, when the reproduction is for noncommercial purposes, without asking a fee. Permission to copy portions for classroom use is granted through the Copyright Clearance Center, 27 Congress Street, Salem, Massachusetts 01970, U.S.A.
The complete backlist of publications from the World Bank is shown in the annual Index of Publications, which contains an alphabetical title list and indexes of subjects, authors, and countries and regions. The latest edition is available free of charge from the Distribution Unit, Office of the Publisher, at the address in the copyright notice or from Publications, World Bank, 66, avenue d'Ina, 75116 Paris, France.
Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data
Groundwater irrigation and the rural poor: options for development in
the Gangetic Basin / edited by Friedrich Kahnert and Gilbert Levine.
p. cm.(A World Bank symposium)
"Papers were presented at the World Bank Colloquium on Groundwater Irrigation, held April 1214, 1989"Pref.
Includes bibliographical references.
ISBN 0-8213-2401-2
1. IrrigationEconomic aspectsGanges River Watershed (India and Bangladesh)Congresses.
2. Water, UndergroundGanges River Watershed (India and Bangladesh)Congresses.
3. Rural developmentGanges River Watershed (India and Bangladesh)Congresses.
4. IrrigationEconomic aspectsNepalCongresses. 5. Water, UndergroundNepalCongresses.
6. Rural developmentNepalCongresses. I. Kahnert, Friedrich, 1929. II. Levine,
Gilbert, III. International Bank for Reconstruction and Development. IV. Series.
HD1741.G3G76 1993
338.4'762752'09541dc20 93-9703
CIP
Page v
FOREWORD
This volume reports on a concerted effort to analyze and reflect on the possible role of groundwater development in helping to address the persistent rural poverty problem in Bangladesh, Nepal, and eastern India, an area in large part coincident with the Gangetic Basin. The work was initiated by the World Bank and cosponsored by the International Irrigation Management Institute, which contributed substantially to its success. Papers were presented at the World Bank Colloquium on Groundwater Irrigation, held April 1214, 1989, in Washington, D.C.
Groundwater remains the largest natural resource endowment of this region that is not yet used to its full potential, even though this potential cannot be identified with certainty for the basin as a whole or for its constituent parts. In addition to an incomplete data base, a problem common to many development challenges, a great deal of uncertainty arises from the unresolved riparian issues affecting the use of the water from the Ganges river system. These concern not only the three countries of the region but also the division of the water resources among the Indian states in the basin. Given the close interaction between surface water flows and groundwater availability, resolution of the riparian issues will place as yet unknown political limits on groundwater development in many parts of the region.
While improving knowledge of the behavior of the system as a whole and of local conditions as well as resolution of the riparian issues must remain priority objectives, attempts to harness groundwater development more directly for the alleviation of poverty cannot wait. The resource is being developed and appropriated apace and time for influencing this process is running out.
It is from this perspective that a number of unequivocal conclusions and action recommendations are put forward, namely:
Farmers need a full range of equipment options in order to respond efficiently to local groundwater development conditions and to their specific requirements. Controls on equipment choice produce inefficiency and inequity and should be abolished.
Tube well spacing regulations are largely unenforceable and futile; they are often harmful to the poor who are the only ones unable to circumvent them. They should be abolished.
The subsidies in place distort the comparative advantages of different technologies because the degree of subsidy varies both by type of pumping energy (electricity / diesel) and by type of pumping equipment (deep tube wells/shallow tube wells/hand tube wells). What is more, these subsidies often benefit the relatively rich rather than the poor. Where subsidies have to remain in force, they should at least be scale- and energy-neutral.
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