STUDIES IN VIOLENCE, MIMESIS, AND CULTURE
SERIES EDITOR
William A. Johnsen
The Studies in Violence, Mimesis, and Culture Series examines issues related to the nexus of violence and religion in the genesis and maintenance of culture. It furthers the agenda of the Colloquium on Violence and Religion, an international association that draws inspiration from Ren Girards mimetic hypothesis on the relationship between violence and religion, elaborated in a stunning series of books he has written over the last forty years. Readers interested in this area of research can also look to the associations journal, Contagion: Journal of Violence, Mimesis, and Culture.
ADVISORY BOARD
Ren Girard, Stanford University
Andrew McKenna, Loyola University of Chicago
Raymund Schwager, University of Innsbruck
James Williams, Syracuse University
EDITORIAL BOARD
Rebecca Adams, Independent Scholar
Jeremiah L. Alberg, International Christian University, Tokyo, Japan
Mark Anspach, cole Polytechnique, Paris
Pierpaolo Antonello, University of Cambridge
Ann Astell, University of Notre Dame
Cesreo Bandera, University of North Carolina
Maria Stella Barberi, Universit di Messina
Alexei Bodrov, St. Andrews Biblical Theological Institute, Moscow
Joo Cezar de Castro Rocha, Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro
Benot Chantre, LAssociation Recherches Mimtiques
Diana Culbertson, Kent State University
Paul Dumouchel, Ritsumeikan University
Jean-Pierre Dupuy, Stanford University, cole Polytechnique
Giuseppe Fornari, Universit degli studi di Bergamo
Eric Gans, University of California, Los Angeles
Sandor Goodhart, Purdue University
Robert Hamerton-Kelly, Stanford University
Hans Jensen, Aarhus University, Denmark
Mark Juergensmeyer, University of California, Santa Barbara
Cheryl Kirk-Duggan, Shaw University
Michael Kirwan, SJ, Heythrop College, University of London
Paisley Livingston, Lingnan University, Hong Kong
Charles Mabee, Ecumenical Theological Seminary, Detroit
Jzef Niewiadomski, Universitt Innsbruck
Wolfgang Palaver, Universitt Innsbruck
ngel Jorge Barahona Plaza, Universidad Francisco de Vitoria
Martha Reineke, University of Northern Iowa
Tobin Siebers, University of Michigan
Thee Smith, Emory University
Mark Wallace, Swarthmore College
Eugene Webb, University of Washington
Copyright 2016 by Michigan State University Press; Donner la vie, donner la mort: Psychanalyse, anthropologie, philosophie copyright 2014 ditions Le Bord de Leau
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Michigan State University Press
East Lansing, Michigan 48823-5245
Printed and bound in the United States of America.
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LIBRARY OF CONGRESS CATALOGING-IN-PUBLICATION DATA
Names: Scubla, Lucien, author.
Title: Giving life, giving death : psychoanalysis, anthropology, philosophy / Lucien Scubla ; translated by M. B. DeBevoise.
Other titles: Donner la vie, donner la mort. English
Description: East Lansing : Michigan State University Press, 2016. | Series: Studies in violence, mimesis, and culture | Includes bibliographical references and index.
Identifiers: LCCN 2015033655| ISBN 9781611862089 (pbk. : alk. paper) | ISBN 9781609174941 (pdf) | ISBN 9781628952674 (epub) | ISBN 9781628962673 (kindle)
Subjects: LCSH: Psychoanalysis and anthropology. | Philosophical anthropology.
Classification: LCC GN508 .S252313 2016 | DDC 128dc23 LC record available at http://lccn.loc.gov/2015033655
Book design by Charlie Sharp, Sharp Des!gns, Lansing, MI
Cover design by David Drummond, Salamander Design, www.salamanderhill.com.
Cover artwork is The Tempest by Giorgione (Giorgio da Castelfranco), ca. 1510, 31" 29" oil on canvas, located at Accademia, Venice.
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Slaves of death, men envy and fear women, mistresses of life. Such is the primitive and primordial truth that a serious analysis of certain myths and rituals reveals. Myths, by reversing the real order, attempt to conceive of the worlds destiny as male destiny; rituals, the stage on which men act out their victory, are used to ward off, to compensate for the all-too-obvious truth that this destiny is female.
PIERRE CLASTRES
The most important things are done through tubes. First proofs: the generative organs, the writing pen, and [the] rifle.
GEORG CHRISTOPH LICHTENBERG
There is perhaps today no more firmly credited prejudice than this: that one knows what morality really consists in.
FRIEDRICH NIETZSCHE
Preface
What now remains of the Oedipus complex, a century after Totem and Taboo first appeared? Neither the myth supposed to illustrate it, nor the clinical data supposed to lend credence to it, nor the ethnographic facts marshaled to extend its field of application have succeeded in giving it a firm basis. Indeed, the canonical Oedipal triangle exhibits two signal weaknesses: in insisting on sexuality at the expense of procreation, it reduces the mother to a libidinal object, a source of incestuous desires rather than a giver of life; and in attributing spontaneously cannibalistic and murderous impulses to children, it makes them responsible for most, if not all, of the violence visited upon them by adults.
Yet, as ethnology attests, the transmission of life constitutes the pivot of both systems of kinship and rites of initiation, and the struggle for control over procreation is at the heart of the rivalries that set men not only against women but also against themselves. It is around women, guardians of life, that society organizes itself for the sake of its own perpetuation, and that the institutions responsible for containing social conflict develop, by means of a balance, often a very subtle one, between feminine and masculine principles.
Paradoxically, however, anthropologists no less than psychoanalysts reject the idea of characterizing women by their power to give life. Structuralanthropology sees women as objects of exchange, allowing various segments of society to establish alliances with one another, rather than as the bearers of continuity among generations; feminist anthropology sees women as objects of male domination, from which they can escape only by freeing themselves from the burden of procreation. Even though everyone knows that women bring children into the world and that men do not, not only the human sciences but modern Western thought as a whole, to which these sciences give expression, are determined to ignore this female prerogative and the original asymmetry of the sexes.