Committee on Review of the Scientific Approaches Used - Review of the Scientific Approaches Used During the FBIs Investigation of the 2001 Anthrax Letters

NOTICE: The project that is the subject of this report was approved by the Governing Board of the National Research Council, whose members are drawn from the councils of the National Academy of Sciences, the National Academy of Engineering, and the Institute of Medicine. The members of the committee responsible for the report were chosen for their special competences and with regard for appropriate balance.

This study was supported by Contract No. A9N0902700 between the National Academy of Sciences and the U.S. Federal Bureau of Investigation. Any opinions, findings, conclusions, or recommendations expressed in this publication are those of the authors and do not necessarily reflect the views of the organizations or agencies that provided support for the project.

International Standard Book Number-13: 978-0-309-18719-0 International Standard Book Number-10: 0-309-18719-2 Library of Congress Catalog Card Number 2011927648

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COMMITTEE ON REVIEW OF THE SCIENTIFIC APPROACHE S USED DURING THE FBIS INVESTIGATION OF THE 2001 BACILLUS ANTHRACIS MAILINGS

ALICE P. GAST (Chair), President, Lehigh University

DAVID A. RELMAN (Vice Chair), Thomas C. and Joan M. Merigan Professor, Stanford University School of Medicine, and Chief, Infectious Disease Section, Veterans Affairs Palo Alto Health Care System, CA

ARTURO CASADEVALL, Leo and Julia Forchheimer Professor of Microbiology and Immunology and Chair, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine

NANCY D. CONNELL, Professor of Medicine, University of Medicine and Dentistry of New Jersey (UMDNJ)-New Jersey Medical School and Director, UMDNJ Center for BioDefense

THOMAS V. INGLESBY, Chief Executive Officer and Deputy Director of the Center for Biosecurity of University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Associate Professor of Medicine and Public Health, University of Pittsburgh Schools of Medicine and Public Health

MURRAY V. JOHNSTON, Professor of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Delaware

KAREN KAFADAR, James H. Rudy Professor of Statistics and Physics, Indiana University

RICHARD E. LENSKI, John A. Hannah Distinguished Professor of Microbial Ecology, Michigan State University

RICHARD M. LOSICK, Maria Moors Cabot Professor of Biology, Harvard College Professor and Howard Hughes Medical Institute Professor

ALICE C. MIGNEREY, Professor of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Maryland, College Park

DAVID L. POPHAM, Professor of Microbiology, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University

JED S. RAKOFF, United States District Judge, Southern District of New York

ROBERT C. SHALER, Director, Forensic Science Program, Professor of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Pennsylvania State University