Table of Contents
INTRODUCTION
Solar nl hrn th un' energy n th frm of lght nd nvrt th energy nt electricity.Althugh th vrg consumer mght t lr nl wth rdntl rft mbl, lr nl are vlbl fr a wd range f applications, nludng wrng ndvdul gadgets, electronic dv nd vehicle bttr. Ind is a untr where Slr power a ft developing ndutr.Th ntlld solar t h rhd 32.527 GW as f 30 Nvmbr 2019. India u tr r rf thrugh t mllng business mxmzng the fllng rnwbl thnlg t the k twrd futur energy drburztn.Th mt rul bnft f solar energy is a trul rnwbl source of nrg. Thr are n hazardous grnhu g mn whh are rld n th tmhr whn u u Slr Pwr Stm to rt electricity.
What is solar power system?
These r th lr panels whh nvrt nrg rvd from a natural rur such Sun nt ltrt.The thnlg nvlvd n th r but lltng th htvlt cells, which thn generate ltrt thrugh th htvlt fft, which utilized fr your home, ndutrl nd mmrl purpose.The Slr Pwr Stm a lltn f solar cells whr the maximum munt of lght hits th cell th mr electricity generated Th r th solar nl which convert nrg received from a natural resource uh Sun nt electricity. Th thnlg nvlvd n th r but lltng th htvlt cells, whh then generate ltrt thrugh th photovoltaic fft, whh utlzd fr ur hm, ndutrl nd mmrl ur.Th Slr Pwr Stm a lltn of lr ll whr th mxmum amount f light hits th ll th mr ltrt gnrtd
How d t wrk?
Envrnmntl nun t a nturl nulr rtr whh rl tn kt f nrg called photons trvllng thrugh 93 mlln miles frm th Sun t Earth n but 8.5 mnut. Every hur, a lt of htn mt planet t generate enough solar nrg t tf global nrg nd fr an ntr r thrtll.Thr are htn whh ht th lr cells, to knock electrons fr frm tm hn gnrtng a flw f ltrt. Vru cells tgthr mk up a lr nl, whl multiple panels wired together wll rult in a solar rr. Most of th solar panel made up ung rtlln ln lr cells.
T f lr wr system
On Grd Slr Pwr Stm
A grid-tied r grd-nntd lr wr tm, th nm uggt a lr power system tht connected to th home & to th trdtnl electricity utlt grd. This t of lr wr tm d nt include n battery trg nd the lr power gnrtd by th solar panels is ntntnul consumed b ll the ln numng wr t tht time.In th solar wr system gnrtng mr wr thn the hm numng, th x wr n b ld bk t th utility mn under a scheme known as net-metering. Whn the lr wr tm nt rdung sufficient wr, th bln power required by the ln is drawn frm the utlt grid.These r th t of system whh hvng hgh ug n home, commercial and ndutrl purpose. Here the solar Power tm tht nl gnrt power whn the utlt wr grd vlbl. Th mut nnt t th ntwrk t function and can nd excess f power generated bk t the ntwrk when u are vrrdung hn rdtng fr furthr ug.
Thr r three on grd tm mnnt, uh
Pnl
Inverters
Intlltn Kt
Advantage
Generates wr fr rdntl, commercial nd industrial ug and excess electricity ll to th government
Fr of cost electricity for the next 25 years nd five years bk tm
Sv ml of ltrt
Ddvntg
No backup nd tm d not wrk whn thr no electricity and supply frm discom.
A tndln Off-Grd Slr Power System
An ff-grd tm does not connect to th electricity grid and hence rur bttr storage. An ff-grd lr system is a dgn whh wll gnrt enough wr throughout th r and have enough bttr capacity t mt th rdntl, industrial nd mmrl rurmnt, even in th dth f wntr whn thr is dm unlght.It a t of lr wr tm with a bku which wrk n d nd nght bth, durng th day, th lr panel hrg the bttr. At nght Invrtr run ur ln, mhnr, gadgets, grulturl nd ndutrl dv ung th battery power whn th un not vlbl.A tndln or ff-grd solar power tm, th nm uggt a mltl independent lr power system with nrg trg tht nt connected to th main utlt grd. The lr nl are th only ur f energy n a tndln solar power system and this nrg thr provided t th ln, r, stored in th bttr for future u.Off-grd solar power systems r dl for rmt rurl r r applications where thr wr sources r thr unvlbl r mrtl. Off-grd lr wr tm n thr b AC-based systems, in whh th nlud n nvrtr tht converts th energy stored n bttr t AC wr & feeds t t AC appliances, r, DC-bd tm, tht are hr they dont need n nvrtr but th wr n only b fd t DC ln.
Grid-tied solar wr tm are th lowest t lr wr systems nd r dl fr ltn whr thr r no grd power outages. Thr r however, two key drawbacks of grd td solar power systems Firstly, n f a grd power utg th home wll hv n wr rgultn mandate that th solar wr tm is also hut dwn during this time fr safety rn (th lwr th ROI on ur lr investment); Sndl, ur vng n case of a grd-td lr wr tm r dndnt n effective mlmnttn & ntnutn of th nt mtrng hm.
Advntg
N dependency n th gvrnmnt fr ltrt
Ddvntg
Bttr are required to dlvr ltrt ntntl thrughut the d nd nght hence leads t hgh maintenance t du t bttr
Surlu nrg rdutn could g t wt.
Bttr r hghl xnv
Hbrd Slr Pwr Stm
Hybrid lr tm r knwn t generate wr mlrl as f th nvntnl grd-t solar tm, but t u th unique hbrd nvrtr nd batteries to tr nrg for th ltr usage. Thr blt t vng nrg h enabled it t act as a backup wr supply similar to th UPS tm.Hbrd systems mbn solar power frm a htvlt system wth wr generating nrg ur. Hybrid lr tm r th bt way to u when th t of ltrt high.
A hbrd lr wr tm, l referred to a grid-hybrid lr wr system a solar power system wth energy trg tht mlr to a grd-td lr power tm but l rvd the mfrt f back-up wr durng a power utg (mlr t a UPS system) as t u bttr t tr nrg fr ltr u. Whn solar nrg rdutn xd demand, the excess solar wr utlzd t hrg bttr & trd for ltr u nd when rdutn is lesser thn dmnd, the trd energy from th bttr used t mk up th shortfall. A well designed hybrid lr wr system provides u dul bnft f rdung your electricity bills (by rdung ur dependence on grid power) whl l providing u the mfrt f hvng bk-u power durng a wr utg. Dndng n th tutn, a hybrid lr power system also utlz grd wr t charge th batteries thrb nurng tht you lw have th rut comfort of back-up power during any unforeseen wr utg.
Advantages
Allw u to tr excess lr t l t
Rdu th power numtn frm th grid
Enable th dvnd energy mngmnt
Disadvantages
Price of bttr hgh
Cmltd ntlltn nd requires mr
How to Power Appliances with Slr Pnl
Its n oversimplification to mgn n appliance drwng wr drtl from a lr nl, but th rlt n't tht muh dffrnt.A mltn r bu the nl utut is usually drt current -- not ltrntng urrnt -- nd t uull n't at a voltage tht an appliance n use.A dv lld n nvrtr rlv th complication. Bd n nvrtr, mt working tm include bttr, u n ntnu t u ln whn th un isn't out.
Photo-Voltaic Basics
Imngng unlght rt a potential dffrn btwn the tw d of a lr ll, nd when u nnt th d wth a conducting wr, a current wll flw. A typical nl consists f a numbr f such ll wrd tgthr t produce a fxd potential dffrn, r vltg, f 12, 24 r 48 vlt. Dndng on th ur ftg f th panel, th urrnt that flw when u connect th trmnl could b nugh t charge a mutr, but t run n knd of motor r wr an appliance, u uull nd to wr vrl nl together.
Charging a Battery Bnk
Mt photo-voltaic tm r t u t hrg a bttr bnk tht is set u t the same vltg as th nl. Panel utut fluctuates wth variations n unlght, nd th flututn n hrm th batteries.Yu rvnt this b wiring a charge ntrllr btwn th panels and th battery bank. Bd tblzng the nl utut into a td gnl tht the batteries n hndl, th charge controller monitors the bttr nd hut off th nut when th r charged. It l prevents wr flwng bk to th nl from the batteries, whh n damage th nl.
Th Inverter
Once u hv a nl rr nntd t a bttr bank v a hrg ntrllr, nd th bank hrgd, u tll aren't ready t wr n appliances.That's because the output frm th bttr is DC, nd t' t 6, 12, 24 or 48 vlt ntd f the 120 vlt ndd by the ln.You nd n nvrtr to nvrt the DC bttr wr t a modified-sine or ur sine wv AC signal, and to trnfrm th voltage. Invrtr are rtd fr the munt f wr th provide. A 300-watt nvrtr, whh on th small d, wll run a mll ln.