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David P. Barash - The mammal in the mirror: understanding our place in the natural world

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This text is an accessible overview of how the natural world works, seen in the context of how we - humans - fit into it. It begins with the micro issues, a close-up of DNA, genes, viruses and cells, and then moves out to explore the larger systems of human biology: sex and reproduction, the brain and behaviour, and energy. Finally, we stand back and take a look at the species Homo sapiens from the viewpoints of ecology, evolution and sociobiology. The result is a portrayal of mankind that enables readers with an interest, rather than a background, in science to become bioliterate and able to understand the discoveries that make headlines in the news.

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title The Mammal in the Mirror Understanding Our Place in the Natural - photo 1

title:The Mammal in the Mirror: Understanding Our Place in the Natural World
author:Barash, David P.
publisher:
isbn10 | asin:0716733919
print isbn13:9780716733911
ebook isbn13:9780585364636
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Page iii
The Mammal in the Mirror
Understanding Our Place in the Natural World
David P. Barash
Ilona A. Barash
Page iv Text Designer Victoria Tomaselli Library of Congress - photo 2
Page iv
Text Designer: Victoria Tomaselli
Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data
Barash, David P.
The mammal in the mirror: understanding our place in the natural
world/David P. Barash and Ilona A. Barash.
p. cm.
Includes bibliographical references and index.
ISBN 0-7167-3391-9
1. Human biology. I. Barash, I. II. Title.
QP34.5.B34 1999 99-38972
599.9dc21 CIP
2000 by David P. Barash and Ilona A. Barash
No part of this book may be reproduced by any mechanical, photographic, or electronic process, or in the form of a phonographic recording, nor may it be stored in a retrieval system, transmitted, or otherwise copied for public or private use, without written permission.
Printed in the United States of America
First printing 1999
W. H. Freeman and Company
41 Madison Avenue, New York, NY 10010
Houndmills, Basingstoke RG21 6XS, England
Page v
CONTENTS
Preface: A Perfectly Good Mammal
vii
Part 1
Up Close
Chapter 1
Key to Life: The ABCs of DNA
3
Chapter 2
Tiny and Troublesome: Virus Pirates and Other Nasty Little Guys
39
Chapter 3
Cell-Sized: Building Blocks of the Body
77
Part 2: Medium Range
Chapter 4
The Brain and Behavior: On the Matter of Mind
119
Chapter 5
Relevant Reproduction: Sex and the Human Animal
157
Chapter 6
The Energetic Life: Food, Fuel, and Fat
199
Part 3: In Perspective
Chapter 7
Ecology: The Cloud in the Paper
239
Chapter 8
Evolution: The Road Stretches Out
279
Chapter 9
Sociobiology: Gene Machines in Action
317
Conclusion: Digging for Water
355
Recommended Readings
357
Index
363

Page vii
PREFACE:
A PERFECTLY GOOD MAMMAL
There is a chilling moment toward the end of Ray Bradbury's science fiction classic, The Martian Chronicles. A human family, having escaped to Mars to avoid impending nuclear war, looks eagerly into the "canals" of their new planetary home, expecting to see Martians. They do: they see their own reflections. Similarly, if you want to see a perfectly good mammal, look in the mirror.
But the question isn't "How do we establish a civilization?," as it was for Bradbury's fictional family, or "Who is the fairest?," as it was for the wicked witch in Snow White and the Seven Dwarfs. For us, the question to ask is simply "Whoor whatis that creature?"
We all think we know who we are: name, address, social security number, family situation, job or profession, and so forth. We might even venture a self-characterization. And yet, increasingly, many people sense that, deep down, they don't really have a good grasp of who or what they are. We aren't speaking here of existential angst, metaphysical speculation, or religious doctrine, but rather, of the nuts and bolts of everyone's shared biology. Ironically, even as scientists discover more about their own species, many peopleeven the well educatedfind themselves slipping further behind, if only because discoveries are occurring so quickly.
Hence, this book. In it, we offer a core curriculum in life itself, a primer of human biology, a view of and from the human condition that everyone should have. "When you look into the abyss," wrote Nietzsche, "the abyss looks into you." Martians in the canals, mammals in the mirror: when you look into life, you cannot help looking at yourself. Most of the time, therefore, we shall present a human-centered view of life, one thatfortunatelyisn't an abyss but a bounty, and an opportunity for greater self-knowledge.
Some people, to be sure, are affronted by their "mammalhood," their creatureliness, the unavoidable fact that whatever else they may be (symbol-using, self-conscious, made-in-the-image-of-God, etc.), they are also organisms that live, breathe, pump blood, masticate and defecate, metabolize, reproduce, andeventuallydie. Composed of regular old mammalian meat and bones, a bubbling brew of interacting
Page viii
chemicals, criss-crossed with a myriad of electric currents, all of us carry the stigmata of our biology, deeply mired in a long, shared organic past.
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