William Roy Fowler - The cultural evolution of ancient Nahua civilizations: the Pipil-Nicarao of Central America
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The cultural evolution of ancient Nahua civilizations: the Pipil-Nicarao of Central America
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The Cultural Evolution of Ancient Nahua Civilizations : The Pipil-Nicarao of Central America Civilization of the American Indian Series ; V. 194
author
:
Fowler, William R.
publisher
:
University of Oklahoma Press
isbn10 | asin
:
0806121971
print isbn13
:
9780806121970
ebook isbn13
:
9780806171821
language
:
English
subject
Pipil Indians--Social life and customs, Nicarao Indians--Social life and customs, Indians of Central America--Social life and customs.
publication date
:
1989
lcc
:
F1485.2.P5F68 1989eb
ddc
:
972.8/00497
subject
:
Pipil Indians--Social life and customs, Nicarao Indians--Social life and customs, Indians of Central America--Social life and customs.
Page i
The Cultural Evolution of Ancient Nahua Civilizations
The Civilization of the American Indian Series
Page ii
The culture area of Mesoamerica
Page iii
The Cultural Evolution of Ancient Nahua Civilizations
The Pipil-Nicarao of Central America
By William R. Fowler, Jr.
UNIVERSITY OF OKLAHOMA PRESS : NORMAN AND LONDON
Page iv
Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data
Fowler, William R. (William Roy), 1950 The cultural evolution of ancient Nahua civilizations.
(The Civilization of the American Indian series; v. 194) Bibliography: p. Includes index. 1. Pipil IndiansSocial life and customs. 2. Nicarao IndiansSocial life and customs. 3. Indians of Central AmericaSocial life and customs. I. Title. II. Series. F1485.2.P5F68 1989 972.800497 88-40544 ISBN 0-8061-2197-1
This publication has been supported by the National Endowment for the Humanities, a federal agency which supports the study of such fields as history, philosophy, literature, and languages.
The paper in this book meets the guidelines for permanence and durability of the Committee on Production Guidelines for Book Longevity of the Council on Library Resources, Inc.
Copyright 1989 by the University of Oklahoma Press, Norman, Publishing Division of the University. All rights reserved. Manufactured in the U.S.A. First Edition.
Page v
TO THE PEOPLE OF CENTRAL AMERICA AND THEIR STRUGGLE FOR FREEDOM
Page vii
Contents
Preface
xi
Acknowledgments
xiii
Chapter
1. Introduction
3
2. Historical Sources on the Pipil-Nicarao
14
3. The Pipil-Nicarao Migrations
32
4. Pipil-Nicarao Territory
50
5. The Natural Environment of the Pipil-Nicarao
71
6. Pipil-Nicarao Ethnobotany
87
7. Pipil-Nicarao Agriculture
101
8. Pipil-Nicarao Ethnozoology
114
9. The Pipil-Nicarao Population at Spanish Contact
131
10. Production, Exchange, and Tribute
152
11. Social Structure and Dynamics
192
12. Warfare, Law, and Politics
206
13. Religion and Ideology
227
14. Cultural Evolution and the Pipil-Nicarao
249
Abbreviations
277
References Cited
279
Index
317
Page ix
Illustrations
The culture area of Mesoamerica
ii
1. Distribution of Nahua speakers in Central America
4
2. Pipil settlements of Guatemala, 1524
52
3. Pipil settlements of El Salvador, 1524
62
4. Nicarao settlements of Nicaragua and Costa Rica, 1523
66
5. The Pipil province of Cuscatlan, 1532
140
6. Maize production in the province of Cuscatlan, 1532
156
7. Bean production in the province of Cuscatlan, 1532
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