MATERIALIZING CULTURE
Series Editors: Paul Giiroy, Michael Herzfeld and Danny Miller
Barbara Bender, Stonehenge: Making Space
Gen Doy, Materializing Art History
Laura Rival (ed.), The Social Life of Trees: Anthropological Perspectives on Tree Symbolism
Victor Buchli, An Archaeology of Socialism
Marius Kwint, Christopher Breward and Jeremy Aynsley (eds), Material Memories: Design and Evocation
Penny Van Esterik, Materializing Thailand
Wendy Joy Darby Landscape and Identity: Geographies of Nation and Class in England
First published 2000 by Berg Publishers
Published 2020 by Routledge
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Copyright Joy Hendry 2000
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ISBN13: 978-1-8597-3328-8 (hbk)
ISBN13: 978-1-8597-3333-2 (pbk)
Typeset by JS Typesetting, Wellingborough, Northamptonshire.
Firstly, Berg Publishers and I would like to thank the Japan Foundation and the Daiwa Anglo-Japanese Foundation for financial support which has enhanced the quality of this publication.
The overall project has built up an enormous number of debts over the years, and many people have made contributions in small but nevertheless highly significant ways. I hope I haven't neglected any of them, for all their help and ideas have added to the sum total of what has transpired.
It is hard to say exactly when the project started, for my ideas on the subject probably began to develop in 1967, when I attended the EXPO in Montreal, and much water has passed under the bridge since then. I would like to acknowledge at least the invitation of my godfather, Dr. L. P. Chesney, who took me in while I attended that event, and Okpyo Moon and Kwang-ok Kim for taking me in 1988 to the Korean Folk Village, definitely another early inspiring influence.
John Knight was the first person to tell me about the Japanese theme parks, and I thank him also, as well as Mike Hitchcock, for information about a conference in Yogyakarta, which introduced me to a good measure of tourism theory as well as making it possible to start the other Asian visits. For help and advice with these, I thank in particular Naomi Brown, who generously shared much of her own research. For other useful ideas that contributed to the overall plan, I thank Bill Coaldrake, Brian Durrans, Kondo Eishun, Douglas Frewer, Peter Grimshaw, Miodrag Mitrasinovic and Maren White. I also thank Jane Wilkinson for inviting me to join the wonderful trip to Uzbekistan, as well as for patiently and consistently expressing and reiterating a curator's view of 'real' objects; Carl Ekevall, for introducing me to an artist's view of some of the issues; Diana Martin and Sandy and Monika Hendry for hospitality in Hong Kong and Beijing, respectively, and all three of them for help with interpreting the Chinese parks at Shenzhen; David Gellner and Lola Martinez for their hospitality in Kathmandu, and David for his invaluable introductions to key people involved in controversial discussions surrounding the building of the National Ethnographic Museum, especially Ganesh Gurung, who shared his ideas so generously; Ross Bowden for the trip to the Sovereign Hill Gold-mining Township; Ken Teague for showing me around the Horniman Museum and commenting so meticulously on the manuscript; Eric Gable for taking me to Colonial Williamsburg; Margaret Holmes Williamson for hospitality and for showing me Jamestown and the Powhatan Village, and for introducing me to Eric Gable and Richard Handler at just the right moment.
In Japan, I am indebted as ever to many unnamed people who kindly answered my queries: those involved in running the parks, employed in them, and enjoying a day out in them. Particularly, at the Tivoli Gardens, Tesshu Okano arranged for me to view the park before it opened, and, at Huis ten Bosch, Tatsuaki Nagashima arranged for me to stay in the wonderful Hotel Europa when I was invited to speak of my research at a seminar for the students and staff of the Leiden Institute for Japanese Studies. Thanks to these, too, who recounted their experiences of working in the replica of Huis ten Bosch in the eponymous park, and to Jan van Bremen, who arranged for me to be invited there. For hospitality, as I travelled around Japan, I would like to thank Reiko Atsumi, Kiroku and Miyako Kumagae, Ayami Nakatani, Kazuko Onishi, and Yasuro and Eiko Takahara, who also took me to the Edo Museum.
From the Japanese academy, I thank Professor Yoshio Onuki, at Tokyo University, who gave me much background information about Little World, Professors Tadao Umesao, Naomichi Ishige and Nobuyuki Hata, who answered questions about the National Museum of Ethnology, and there too Professor Hirochika Nakamaki, who not only agreed to be interviewed, but was the local organizer of the Japan Anthropology Workshop conference that made coincidental research possible. In Britain, Professor Toshio Watanabe has frequently offered a sympathetic and indulgent ear to my ideas about world fairs and exhibitions, and Yoshimi Umeda read and commented most constructively on the whole manuscript.
I am also grateful to Ron Carle, Rupert Cox and Jan Harwell for careful reading of and helpful comments on versions of the manuscript, Bronwen Surman for sifting material for , and Paul Collinson for bringing the comments on Beamish from his father, Alan. For sending me articles and other material related to the project I thank Greg Acciaioli, Hans-Jurgen Classen, Ingrid Fritsch, Tamar Gordon, Tom Gill, Peter Siegenthaler, Terry Webb and Guven Witteveen. Many other colleagues and students have put up with my excitement as little parts of the work fell into place, and I thank them all for their interest and shared enthusiasm, though Chris McDonaugh must be singled out for his enduring patience and encouragement.
