Vakur Sumer is an assistant professor in the Department of International Relations, Seluk University, Konya, Turkey. He has been a visiting fellow at the University of California, Davis, at the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill and at the Max Planck Institute, Heidelburg, Germany. He is the author of Environment and Politics in Turkey (I.B.Tauris, forthcoming).
WATER AND
POLITICS IN
TURKEY
Structural Change and EU Accession
V AKUR S UMER
To Professor Ayegl Kibarolu
Published in 2016 by
I.B.Tauris & Co. Ltd
London New York
www.ibtauris.com
Copyright 2016 Vakur Sumer
The right of Vakur Sumer to be identified as the author of this work has been asserted by the author in accordance with the Copyright, Designs and Patents Act 1988.
All rights reserved. Except for brief quotations in a review, this book, or any part thereof, may not be reproduced, stored in or introduced into a retrieval system, or transmitted, in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording or otherwise, without the prior written permission of the publisher.
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References to websites were correct at the time of writing.
International Library of Human Geography 39
ISBN: 978 1 78453 242 0
eISBN: 978 0 85772 889 0
ePDF: 978 0 85772 812 8
A full CIP record for this book is available from the British Library
A full CIP record is available from the Library of Congress
Library of Congress Catalog Card Number: available
LIST OF FIGURES
Triad of dimensions
The WFD and relevant directives
The three-step approach for river basin management plans
Water quality monitoring by the General Directorate of the State Hydraulic Works (DS) 1979 1995
Water-management policy network: 1950s
Water-management policy network: 2000s
The DS in the 1950s (Ego Network for the node DS)
The DS in the 2000s (Ego Network for the node DS)
Ego networks of monitoring and evaluation in the 1950s and the 2000s
Organization-to-organization diagram: 1950s
Organization-to-organization diagram: 2000s
Organization-to-organization diagram (Tie strength data added)
Proposed organizational setting for WFD implementation
LIST OF TABLES
Three forms of binding EU legislation
The drafting process of the WFD
The deadlines for the WFD implementation
Water-specific legislation
Ancillary legislation on water
New legislation adopted by the Single Party Government and within the EU harmonization framework (2003 2013)
Distribution of transferred irrigation systems
Sample of policy networks
Summary of changes in policy networks
Programmes, projects and initiatives towards WFD implementation
Water acquis and Turkeys progress
Groups of river basins and differentiated implementation
LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS
Al | Aluminum |
ASK | Ankara Su ve Kanalizasyon daresi |
BOI | Biochemical oxygen demand (Turkish acronym) |
BOT | Build-Operate-Transfer |
Ca | Calcium |
CIS | Common Implementation Strategy |
CO2 | Carbon dioxide |
COREPER | Committe of Permanent Representatives (French acronym) |
DEFRA | Department for Environment, Food and Rural Affairs |
DG | Directorate General |
DSD | Dangerous Substances Directive |
DS | State Hydraulic Works (Turkish acronym) |
EAP | Environmental Action Programme |
EC | European Community |
ECJ | European Court of Justice |
EEA | European Environment Agency |
EEB | European Environmental Bureau |
EEC | European Economic Community |
EIA | Environmental Impact Assessment |
EE | Electrical Power Resources Survey and Development Administration (Turkish acronym) |
ELV | Emission Limit Values |
EMVIS | Euro-Mediterranean Information System on Know-how in the Water Sector |
ENVEST | Envest Planners Consortium |
EP | European Parliament |
EPASA | Environmental Protection Agency for Special Areas |
EQS | Environmental Quality Standards |
EU | European Union |
FAO | Food and Agriculture Organization |
FS | Fecal Streptococci |
GAP | Southeastern Anatolia Project (Turkish acronym) |
GAPSEL | A project focusing on flood issues in GAP (Southeastern Anatolia) region |
GDPC | General Directorate of Protection and Control |
GDRS | General Directorate of Rural Services |
GDW | General Directorate for Waters |
GIS | Geographical Information System |
GWP | Global Water Partnership |
HEP | Hydroelectrical Plant |
IA | Irrigation Association |
ID | Irrigation District |
IMO | Irrigation Management Organization |
IR | International Relations |
IRBM | Integrated River Basin Management |
IWRM | Integrated Water Resources Management |
SK | stanbul Water and Sewerage Authority (Turkish acronym) |
MANTRA-East | Integrated Strategies for the Management of Transboundary Waters on the Eastern European Region |
MATRA | Dutch supported Matra Programme, derives from the Dutch for social transformation, maatschappelijke transformatie. |
MoEF | Ministry of Environment and Forestry |
MENR | Ministry of Natural Resources |
MEP | Member of European Parliament |
MFA | Ministry of Foreign Affairs |
Mg | Magnesium |
MoH | Ministry of Health |
MPWS | Ministry of Public Works and Settlement |
MS | Mediterranean Syndrome |
NGO | Non-Governmental Organization |
NTU | Nephelometric Turbidity Units |
OECD | Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development |
O&M | Operation and Maintenance |
QMV | Qualified Majority Voting |
RBD | River Basin District |
RBMP | River Basin Management Plan |
RBPAP | River Basin Protection Action Plan |
SEA | Single European Act |
SPA | Special Provincial Administration |
SPO | State Planning Organization |
TEMA | The Turkish Foundation for Combating Soil Erosion, for Reforestation, and Protection of Natural Habitats (Turkish acronym) |
TEU | Treaty on European Union |
TGNA | Turkish Grand National Assembly |