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Hubert L. Dreyfus - What computers still cant do: a critique of artificial reason

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When it was first published in 1972, Hubert Dreyfuss manifesto on the inherent inability of disembodied machines to mimic higher mental functions caused an uproar in the artificial intelligence community. The world has changed since then. Today it is clear that good old-fashioned AI, based on the idea of using symbolic representations to produce general intelligence, is in decline (although several believers still pursue its pot of gold), and the focus of the Al community has shifted to more complex models of the mind. It has also become more common for AI researchers to seek out and study philosophy. For this edition of his now classic book, Dreyfus has added a lengthy new introduction outlining these changes and assessing the paradigms of connectionism and neural networks that have transformed the field.At a time when researchers were proposing grand plans for general problem solvers and automatic translation machines, Dreyfus predicted that they would fail because their conception of mental functioning was naive, and he suggested that they would do well to acquaint themselves with modern philosophical approaches to human beings. What Computers Cant Do was widely attacked but quietly studied. Dreyfuss arguments are still provocative and focus our attention once again on what it is that makes human beings unique.Hubert L. Dreyfus, who is Professor of Philosophy at the University of California, Berkeley, is also the author of Being-in-the-World. A Commentary on Heideggers Being and Time, Division I.

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title What Computers Still Cant Do A Critique of Artificial Reason - photo 1

title:What Computers Still Can't Do : A Critique of Artificial Reason
author:Dreyfus, Hubert L.
publisher:MIT Press
isbn10 | asin:0262540673
print isbn13:9780262540674
ebook isbn13:9780585330136
language:English
subjectArtificial intelligence.
publication date:1992
lcc:Q335.D74 1992eb
ddc:006.3
subject:Artificial intelligence.
Page iii
What Computers Still Can't Do
A Critique of Artificial Reason
Hubert L. Dreyfus
Page iv To my parents Sixth printing 1999 1972 1979 1992 Hubert L - photo 2
Page iv
To my parents
Sixth printing, 1999
1972, 1979, 1992 Hubert L. Dreyfus
All rights reserved. No part of this book may be reproduced in any form by any electronic or mechanical means (including photocopying, recording, or information storage and retrieval) without permission in writing from the publisher.
Printed and bound in the United States of America.
Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data
Dreyfus, Hubert L.
What computers still can't do : a critique of artificial reason /
Hubert L. Dreyfus.
p. cm.
Rev. ed. of: What computers can't do, 1979.
Includes bibliographical references and index.
ISBN 0-262-04134-0. ISBN 0-262-54067-3 (pbk.)
1. Artificial intelligence. I. Title.
Q335.D74 1992
006.3dc20 92-27715
CIP
Page v
Picture 3
The difference between the mathematical mind (esprit de gomtrie) and the perceptive mind (esprit de finesse): the reason that mathematicians are not perceptive is that they do not see what is before them, and that, accustomed to the exact and plain principles of mathematics, and not reasoning till they have well inspected and arranged their principles, they are lost in matters of perception where the principles do not allow for such arrangement.... These principles are so fine and so numerous that a very delicate and very clear sense is needed to perceive them, and to judge rightly and justly when they are perceived, without for the most part being able to demonstrate them in order as in mathematics; because the principles are not known to us in the same way, and because it would be an endless matter to undertake it. We must see the matter at once, at one glance, and not by a process of reasoning, at least to a certain degree.... Mathematicians wish to treat matters of perception mathematically, and make themselves ridiculous... the mind... does it tacitly, naturally, and without technical rules.
PASCAL, Penses
Page vii
CONTENTS
Introduction to the MIT Press Edition
ix
Acknowledgments
liii
Introduction to the Revised Edition (1979)
1
Introduction
67
Part I. Ten Years of Research in Artificial Intelligence (1957 1967)
1. Phase I (1957 1962) Cognitive Simulation
91
Picture 4
I. Analysis of Work in Language Translation, Problem Solving, and Pattern Recognition
Picture 5
II. The Underlying Significance of Failure to Achieve Predicted Results
2. Phase II (1962 1967) Semantic Information Processing
130
Picture 6
I. Analysis of Semantic Information Processing Programs
Picture 7
II. Significance of Current Difficulties
Conclusion
149
Part II. Assumptions Underlying Persistent Optimism
Introduction
155
3. The Biological Assumption
159
4. The Psychological Assumption
163

Page viii
Picture 8
I. Empirical Evidence for the Psychological Assumption: Critique of the Scientific Methodology of Cognitive Simulation
Picture 9
II. A Priori Arguments for the Psychological Assumption
5. The Epistemological Assumption
189
Picture 10
I. A Mistaken Argument from the Success of Physics
Picture 11
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