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Sir Clements Markham - History of the Incas, by Pedro Sarmiento de Gamboa, and the Execution of the Inca Tupac Amaru, by Captain Baltasar de Ocampo

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History of the Incas by Pedro Sarmiento de Gamboa and the Execution of the - photo 1
History of the Incas, by Pedro Sarmiento de Gamboa, and the Execution of the Inca Tupac Amaru, by Captain Baltasar de Ocampo
With a Supplement: A Narrative of the Vice-Regal Embassy to Vilcabamba, 1571, and of the Execution of the Inca Tupac Amaru, December 1571, by Friar Gabriel de Oviedo, of Cuzco. 1573
Edited by
SIR CLEMENTS MARKHAM
First published by Ashgate Publishing Published 2016 by Routledge 2 Park - photo 2
First published by Ashgate Publishing
Published 2016 by Routledge
2 Park Square, Milton Park, Abingdon, Oxon OX14 4RN
711 Third Avenue, New York, NY 10017, USA
Routledge is an imprint of the Taylor & Francis Group, an informa business
All rights reserved. No part of this book may be reprinted or reproduced or utilised in any form or by any electronic, mechanical, or other means, now known or hereafter invented, including photocopying and recording, or in any information storage or retrieval system, without permission in writing from the publishers.
Notice:
Product or corporate names may be trademarks or registered trademarks, and are used only for identification and explanation without intent to infringe.
Founded in 1846, the hakluyt Society seeks to advance knowledge and education by the publication of scholarly editions of primary records of voyages, travels and other geographical material. In partnership with Ashgate, and using print-on-demand and e-book technology, the Society has made re-available all 290 volumes comprised in Series I and Series II of its publications in both print and digital editions. For information about the hakluyt Society visit www.hakluyt.com.
ISBN-13: 978-1-4094-1389-9 (hbk)
WORKS ISSUED BY
The Hakluyt Society.
____________
HISTORY OF THE INCAS
AND
THE EXECUTION OF THE INCA TUPAC AMARU
SECOND SERIES
No. XXII
Faesimile reduced of the COAT OF ARMS OF KING PHILIP II From the - photo 3
Faesimile (reduced) of the
COAT OF ARMS OF KING PHILIP II.,
From the Sarmiento MS., 1572, Gttingen University Library.
Reproduced and printed for the Hakluyt Society by Donald Macbeth.
HISTORY OF THE INCAS
BY
PEDRO SARMIENTO DE GAMBOA
AND
THE EXECUTION OF THE INCA
TUPAC AMARU
BY
CAPTAIN BALTASAR DE OCAMPO
TRANSLATED AND EDITED
WITH NOTES AND AN INTRODUCTION
BY
SIR CLEMENTS MARKHAM, K.C.B.
PRESIDENT OF THE HAKLUYT SOCIETY.
CAMBRIDGE:
PRINTED FOR THE HAKLUYT SOCIETY.
MDCCCCVII.
Cambridge:
PRINTED BY JOHN CLAY, M.A.
AT THE UNIVERSITY PRESS.
COUNCIL
OF
THE HAKLUYT SOCIETY.
_________
SIR CLEMENTS MARKHAH, K.C.B., F.R.S., President.
THE RIGHT HON. THE EARL OF LIVERPOOL, Vice-President.
THE RIGHT HON. THE LORD AMHERST OF HACKNEY, Vice-President.
THE RIGHT HON. THE LORD BELHAVEN AND STENTON.
THOMAS B. BOWRING.
COLONEL GEORGE EARL CHURCH.
SIR WILLIAM MARTIN CONWAY, M.A., F.S.A.
THE REV. CANON JOHN NEALE DALTON, C.M.G., C.V.O.
GEORGE WILLIAM FORREST, C.I.E.
WILLIAM FOSTER, B.A.
THE RIGHT HON. SIR GEORGE TAUBMAN GOLDIE, K.C.M.G., D.C.L., LL.D., F.R.S., Pres. R.G.S.
ALBERT GRAY, K.C.
EDWARD HEAWOOD, M.A.
COLONEL SIR THOMAS HUNGERFORD HOLDICH, K.C.M.G., K.C.S.I., C.B., R.E.
JOHN SCOTT KELTIE, LL.D.
ADMIRAL SIR ALBERT HASTINGS MARKHAH, K.C.B.
ADMIRAL OF THE FLEET SIR FREDERICK WILLIAM RICHARDS, G.C.B.
ADMIRAL OF THE FLEET SIR EDWARD HOBART SEYMOUR, G.C.B., O.M.
LIEUT-COL. SIR RICHARD CARNAC TEMPLE, BART., C.I.E.
ROLAND VENABLES VERNON, B.A.
BASIL HARRINGTON SOULSBY, B.A., F.S.A., Honorary Secretary.
TABLE OF CONTENTS.
____________________
LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS.
Map of Central Peru. 1907. By Graham Mackay, R.G.S
Six Facsimiles (reduced) from the Sarmiento MS., 1572 (Gttingen University Library):
2. a. Arms of Philip II of Spain. Coloured
3. b. Last page of Sarmientos introductory Letter to Philip II, with his autograph
4. c. Arms of Philip II. fol. 1
5. d. Title of the Sarmiento MS. fol. 2
6. e. Arms of Don Francisco de Toledo, Viceroy of Peru, 15691581. fol. 132
Portrait of the Viceroy, Don Francisco de Toledo, at Lima. From a sketch by Sir Clements Markham in 1853
Portraits of the Incas. Facsimile of the Title-page of the Fifth Decade of Antonio de Herreras Historia General de los Hechos de los Castellanos en las Islas y Tierra Firme del Mar Oceano, Madrid, 1615. fol. From the Rev. C.M. Crache-rodes copy in the British Museum
Map of Vilca-Pampa. 1907. By Graham Mackay, M.G.S.
have been reproduced from the negatives, kindly lent for the purpose by Professor Dr Richard Pietschmann, Director of the Gottingen University Library.
Reproduced and printed for the Hakluyt Society by Donald Macbeth PORTRAITS OF - photo 4
Reproduced and printed for the Hakluyt Society by Donald Macbeth.
PORTRAITS OF THE INCAS.
From the Rev. C. M. Cracherodes copy in the British Museum.
THE publication of the text of the Sarmiento manuscript in the Library of Gttingen University, has enabled the Council to present the members of the Hakluyt Society with the most authentic narrative of events connected with the history of the Incas of Peru.
The history of this manuscript, and of the documents which accompanied it, is very interesting. The Viceroy, Don Francisco de Toledo, who governed Peru from 1569 to 1581, caused them to be prepared for the information of Philip II. Four cloths were sent to the King from Cuzco, and a history of the Incas written by Captain Pedro Sarmiento de Gamboa. On three cloths were figures of the Incas with their wives, on medallions, with their Ayllus and a genealogical tree. Historical events in each reign were depicted on the borders. The fable of Tampu-tocco was shown on the first cloth, and also the fables touching the creations of Viracocha, which formed the foundation for the whole history. On the fourth cloth there was a map of Peru, the compass lines for the positions of towns being drawn by Sarmiento.
The Viceroy also caused reports to be made to him, to prove that the Incas were usurpers. There were thirteen reports from Cuzco, Guamanga, Xauxa, Yucay, and other places, forming a folio of 213 leaves, preserved in the Archivo de Indias1. At Cuzco all the Inca descendants were called upon to give evidence respecting the history of Peru under their ancestors. They all swore that they would give truthful testimony. The compilation of the history was then entrusted to Captain Pedro Sarmiento de Gamboa, the cosmographer of Peru. When it was completed the book was read to the Inca witnesses, chapter by chapter, in their own language. They discussed each chapter, and suggested some corrections and alterations which were adopted. It was then submitted to the Viceroy, who caused the documents to be attested by the principal Spaniards settled at Cuzco, who had been present at the conquest, or had taken a leading part in the subsequent administration. These were Dr Loarte, the licentiate Polo de Ondegardo1, Alonso de Mena2, Mancio Serra de Leguisano3, Pero Alonso Carrasco, and Juan de Pancorvo4, in whose house the Viceroy resided while he was at Cuzco. Mancio Serra de Leguisano married Beatriz Nusta, an Inca princess, daughter of Huayna Ccapac. The Viceroy then made some final interpolations to vilify the Incas, which would not have been approved by some of those who had attested, certainly not by Polo de Ondegardo or Leguisano.
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