Philip D. Curtin - Why people move: migration in African history
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A well-defined interpretation of why migration has occurred in Africa.
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Why People Move : Migration in African History Charles Edmondson Historical Lectures ; 16th
author
:
Curtin, Philip D.
publisher
:
Baylor University
isbn10 | asin
:
0918954614
print isbn13
:
9780918954619
ebook isbn13
:
9780585105680
language
:
English
subject
Africa--Emigration and immigration--History.
publication date
:
1995
lcc
:
JV8790.C87 1995eb
ddc
:
304.8/096
subject
:
Africa--Emigration and immigration--History.
Page 1
Why People Move: Migration in African History
by Philip D. Curtin
THE SIXTEENTH Charles Edmondson Historical Lectures
Baylor University Waco, Texas March 7 & 8,1994
MARKHAM PRESS FUND WACO, TEXAS
Page 2
This volume is the thirtieth volume published by the Markham Press Fund of Baylor University Press, established in memory of Dr. L. N. and Princess Finch Markham of Longview, Texas, by their daughters, Mrs. R. Matt Dawson of Waco, Texas, and Mrs. B. Reid Clanton of Longview, Texas.
The Charles Edmondson Historical Lecture Series, Number 16.
David W. Hendon, general editor.
Publication of this series of lectures is made possible by a special grant from Dr. E. Bud Edmondson of Longview, Texas.
Copyright 1995 by the Markham Press Fund of Baylor University Press.
All rights reserved. No portion of this book may be reproduced in any form or by any means without written permission of the editor.
Library of Congress Catalog Card Number: 95-77712 International Standard Book Number: 0-918954-61-4
Printed in the United States of America.
Page 3
Foreword
In 1975 Dr. E. Bud Edmondson of Longview, Texas, began an endowment fund at Baylor University to honor his father, Mr. Charles S. B. Edmondson. Dr. Edmondson's intent was to have the proceeds from the fund used to bring to the University outstanding historians who could synthesize, interpret, and communicate history in such a way as to make the past relevant to the present generation.
Baylor University and the Waco community are grateful to Dr. Edmondson for his generosity in establishing the CHARLES EDMONDSON HISTORICAL LECTURES.
Professor Curtin, the sixteenth Edmondson Lecturer, presents a well-defined interpretation of why migration has occurred in Africa, highlighting numerous sociopolitical and socioeconomic factors.
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The views expressed in these lectures are those of the author and do not necessarily reflect the position of Baylor University or of the Markham Press Fund.
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Although the Charles Edmondson Historical Lectures have been presented annually at Baylor University since 1978, they have not always been available for publication by the Markham Press Fund. A list of previous lectures appears at the end of this work.
Page 5
Lecture I Migration in Early African History
Africa is an enormously diverse place. One of the assumptions left over from the cultural chauvinism of an earlier time is the belief that African diversity was a diversity of isolationthat Africans left in isolation had developed hundreds of ethnic units and languages, each of them having evolved pretty much on the Spot where they now exist. Political commentators dwell on African "tribalism," as though age-old ethnic differences had emerged in the present century as a special African problem.
In fact, ethnic rivalries are not unknown elsewhere. The nineteenth century left us an over-simple view that people with similar heritage and appearance constitute "nations" that live together in blocsthat cultural diversity in a single society is unusual, and that the members of the nation should belong to a single nation-state. If such homogeneous nations ever existed, they were very rare, and one reason for their rarity is that people move around so much.
My objective in these two lecture is to look at patterns of human migration over the very long run, from the beginning of human existence down to the day before yesterday. Taking a single continent like Africa simplifies the problem of analyzing why people have moved from place to place and continue to move from place to place, more rapidly now than ever before.
Earliest Migrations Out of Africa
Let me go back to the beginning of African migration. In one sense all human migration was migration out of Africa. About 300,000 years ago, Homo sapiens sapiens first evolved in Africa, differentiated from a variety of other hominids. 1 It happened too long ago to be easily understood or understandable.
Page 6
Over such a long time, many people left Africa to populate the rest of the world, and others certainly returnedpart of an enormous, if unrecorded, population movement that must have taken place through many millennia of alternating ice ages and interglacial warm periods.
Linguistic evidence tells something about the probable course of these movements out of Africa; other evidence comes from patterns of biological evolution. 2 Geneticists have their own contribution, and more will no doubt some from the study of molecular biology. Meanwhile, Luigi Cavalli-Sforza and colleagues are pulling together a set of genetic maps based on more than a hundred individual heritable traits. Their History and Geography of Human Genes should be published later this year. 3
Whether based on biology, genetics, or linguistics, these studies suggest that most of early human movement came from the success of a local population in achieving some technological breakthrough that made population growth and expansion possible. The invention of agriculture in the Middle East and the domestication of the horse on the Ukrainian steppe are examples.
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