Adams the Pilot
The Life and Times of
Captain William Adams: 15641620
WILLIAM CORR
ADAMS THE PILOT
Routledge
2 Park Square, Milton Park, Abingdon, Oxon, OX14 4RN
270 Madison Ave, New York NY 10016
First published 1995
Transferred to Digital Printing 2006
William Corr 1995
All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted in any form or by any means, without prior permission in writing from the publishers.
British Library Cataloguing in Publication Data
A CIP catalogue record for this book is available from the British Library
ISBN 1-873410-44-1
ISBN 978-1-136-63811-4 (ePub)
Publishers Note
The publisher has gone to great lengths to ensure the quality of this reprint but points out that some imperfections in the original may be apparent
COVER ILLUSTRATION: The Liefde (Charity), from a contemporary drawing.
Typeset by Bookman, Slough, in Bembo 12 on 12pt
To Sonoe, Edward and Rosa
CONTENTS
The destruction of Osaka Castle in the summer campaign of 1615 made it evident to all, Japanese and foreigners alike, that Toyotomi Hideyoshis heritage had been annihilated. It was in this mighty fortress that William Adams first met Tokugawa Ieyasu following the arrival of the Liefde in 1600.
PREFACE
T he present work had its genesis in the reading which preceded the writing of Miura Anjin: The Story of Captain William Adams, published by Dawn Press of Nara in 1989. To John Terry of Dawn Press due thanks are offered. Others assisted at various stages. Michael Cooper, Charles Boxer, Derek Massarella and Anthony Farrington were kind enough to suggest helpful clues. The errors and omissions are not to be laid at their doors, however.
Adams himself wrote little; his letters and logs, while vivid and valuable, would convey too little about the eventful years between 1600 and 1620 on their own. Other sources, such as the various writings of other Europeans in Japan, complete the tale. The researches of Derek Massarella and Anthony Farrington provide much detail which was not available to P.G. Rogers or Richard Blaker earlier this century. As Michael Cooper has said, eventually a full biography of the redoubtable and ill-fated Richard Cocks will be written; it will be worth reading because Cocks, an immensely likeable man if an indifferent merchant and chief, lived in interesting times. The Adams legend, which continues sporadically to the present day, is not the least astonishing aspect of a remarkable career and an eventful life. Those who have perpetuated Adams memory, whether Japanese or British, deserve congratulation. It is remarkable but true that the names of only two Europeans of the era of the Christian Century are widely known in contemporary Japan; one is Francis Xavier, the other is, predictably, William Adams.
Finally, thanks are due to Sonoe Kurimoto Corr for unfailing tolerance, encouragement, forbearance and love.
William Corr
Lhasa
June 1995
CHRONOLOGY
1543 | The first Portuguese traders arrive in Japan aboard a Chinese junk |
1549 | Francis Xavier arrives in Japan; inception of Christian mission |
1550 | The first European ships, Portuguese vessels, anchor at Hirado, an island off the coast of Kyushu. Portuguese trade with Japan becomes a royal monopoly, known as The Japan Voyage |
1559 | Padre Gaspar Vilela founds the mission of the Kyoto area 1560 Beginnings of Oda Nobunagas rise to prominence |
1562 | Omura Sumitada gives the Jesuits license to preach in his domains, and privileges in the port of Yokoseura |
1563 | Omura Sumitada is baptized (Dom Bartolom): first of the Christian daimyo |
1564 | William Adams is born in Gillingham, England. |
1565 | The shogun Ashikaga Yoshiteru is destroyed by Matsunaga Hisahide (June); Matsunaga expels the Christian missionaries from Kyoto (July) |
1568 | Oda Nobunaga occupies Kyoto and installs Ashikaga Yoshiaki as shogun |
1569 | Nobunaga interviews Padre Lus Frois and permits the missionaries to return to Kyoto |
1570 | Francisco Cabral becomes Japan Mission Superior |
1571 | Nagasaki becomes the terminal of the Portuguese trade with Japan |
Nobunaga destroys the warrior monks of the Tendai Sect on Mount Hiei |
1573 | Nobunaga expels Yoshiaki from Kyoto: end of the Ashikaga shogunate |
1576 | The Jesuit Church dedicated to the Assumption of Our Lady (the Nambanji) is built in Miyako with the permission of Oda Nobunaga |
1577 | Joo Rodrigues, aged 16 or 17, arrives in Japan |
1578 | Completion of the Kyoto Nanbanji (spring) |
Otomo Sorin baptized (August) |
Araki Murashige turns against Nobunaga; Takayama Ukon betrays Araki and hands over the castle of Takatsuki to Nobunaga (November-December) |
Battle of Mimigawa: beginning of the Otomo eclipse and the Shimazu ascendancy over Kyushu (December) |
1579 | Alexandro Valignano arrives in Japan on his first visit (to 1582) |
1580 | Omura Sumitada cedes Nagasaki to the Society of Jess (9 June) |
The Jesuit Orders first formal educational institutions begin to operate in Japan (October-December) |