Government of Albania - Constitution of Albania
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We, the people of Albania , proud of our history and with faith in the future; with determination to build a social and democratic state based on the rule of law; with the aim of respecting universal human values; with a spirit of tolerance and religious coexistence; with belief that human dignity and personhood should be protected, as well as the prosperity of the whole nation, toward the goals of peace, well-being, culture and social solidarity; with the centuries-old aspiration of Albanianism, and national identity and unity; with a deep belief that justice, peace, harmony and cooperation among nations are among the highest values of humanity, We establish this Constitution:
- Albania is a parliamentary republic.
- The Republic of Albania is a unitary state.
- Governance is based on a system of elections that are free, equal, general and periodic.
- Sovereignty in the Republic of Albania belongs to the people.
- The people exercise sovereignty directly or through their representatives.
- For the maintenance of peace and national interests, the Republic of Albania may take part in a system of collective security, on the basis of a law approved by a majority of all the members of the Assembly.
- The law constitutes the basis and the boundaries of the activity of the state.
- The Constitution is the highest law in the Republic of Albania.
- The provisions of the Constitution are directly applicable, except when the Constitution provides otherwise.
- The Republic of Albania recognizes and protects the national rights of the Albanian people who live outside its borders.
- The Republic of Albania protects the rights of its citizens with a temporary or permanent residence outside its borders.
- The Republic of Albania assures assistance for Albanians who live and work in emigration in order to preserve and develop their ties with the national cultural inheritance.
- Political parties are created freely. Their organization shall conform with democratic principles.
- Political parties and other organizations, the programs and activity of which are based on totalitarian methods, which incite and support racial, religious, regional or ethnic hatred, which use violence to take power or influence state policies, as well as those with a secret character, are prohibited in accordance with the law.
- The financial sources of parties as well as their expenses shall always be made public.
- The Republic of Albania does not have an official religion.
- The state is neutral in questions of belief and conscience, and also, it guarantees the freedom of their expression in public life.
- The state guarantees equality of religious communities.
- The state and the religious communities respect the independence of one another mutually and work together for the good of each of them and for all.
- Agreements between the state and religious communities are regulated on the basis of agreements entered into between their representatives and the Council of Ministers. These agreements are ratified by the Assembly.
- Religious communities are juridical persons. They have independence in the administration of their properties according to their principles, rules and canons.
- The economic system of the Republic of Albania is based on a market economy, on freedom of economic activity, as well as on private and public property.
- Private and public property are equally protected by law.
- Limitations on the freedom of economic activity may be established only by law and for important public reasons.
- The armed forces secure the independence of the country, as well as protect its territorial integrity and constitutional order.
- The armed forces maintain neutrality in political questions and are subject to civilian control.
- No foreign military force may be accepted into Albanian territory, except by a law approved by a majority of all members of the Assembly.
- The official language in the Republic of Albania is Albanian.
- The national flag is red with a two-headed black eagle in the center.
- The seal of the Republic of Albania presents a black two-headed eagle, set on a red background. At the top of the seal is the helmet of Skanderbeg.
- The national anthem is "United around our flag."
- The National Holiday of the Republic of Albania is Flag Day, November 28.
- The capital city of the Republic of Albania is Tirana.
- The fundamental human rights and freedoms are indivisible and inalienable and stand at the basis of the entire juridical order.
- The organs of public power, in fulfillment of their duties, shall respect the fundamental rights and freedoms, as well as contribute to making them a reality.
- The fundamental rights and freedoms and the duties contemplated in this Constitution for Albanian citizens are also valid for foreigners and stateless persons in the territory of the Republic of Albania, except for cases when the Constitution specifically attaches the exercise of particular rights and freedoms with Albanian citizenship.
- The fundamental rights and freedoms and the duties contemplated in this Constitution are valid also for juridical persons so long as they comport with the general purposes of these persons and with the core of these rights, freedoms and duties.
- The limitation of these rights and freedoms may be established only by law for a public interest or for the protection of the rights of others. A limitation shall be in proportion with the situation that has dictated it.
- These limitations may not infringe the essence of the rights and freedoms and in no case may exceed the limitations provided for in the European Convention on Human Rights.
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