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Daniel M. Oppenheimer (ed.) - The Science of Giving: Experimental Approaches to the Study of Charity

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Daniel M. Oppenheimer (ed.) The Science of Giving: Experimental Approaches to the Study of Charity

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Americans donate over 300 billion dollars a year to charity, but the psychological factors that govern whether to give, and how much to give, are still not well understood. Our understanding of charitable giving is based primarily upon the intuitions of fundraisers or correlational data which cannot establish causal relationships. By contrast, the chapters in this book study charity using experimental methods in which the variables of interest are experimentally manipulated. As a result, it becomes possible to identify the causal factors that underlie giving, and to design effective intervention programs that can help increase the likelihood and amount that people contribute to a cause. For charitable organizations, this book examines the efficacy of fundraising strategies commonly used by nonprofits and makes concrete recommendations about how to make capital campaigns more efficient and effective. Moreover, a number of novel factors that influence giving are identified and explored, opening the door to exciting new avenues in fundraising. For researchers, this book breaks novel theoretical ground in our understanding of how charitable decisions are made. While the chapters focus on applications to charity, the emotional, social, and cognitive mechanisms explored herein all have more general implications for the study of psychology and behavioral economics. This book highlights some of the most intriguing, surprising, and enlightening experimental studies on the topic of donation behavior, opening up exciting pathways to cross-cutting the divide between theory and practice.

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The Science of Giving Experimental Approaches to the Study of Charity - image 1

THE SCIENCE OF GIVING

EXPERIMENTAL APPROACHES TO THE STUDY OF CHARITY


The Science of Giving Experimental Approaches to the Study of Charity - image 2

SOCIETY FOR JUDGEMENT AND DECISION MAKING

Series Editor: Derek J. Koehler, University of Waterloo, Canada

The purpose of the Society for Judgment and Decision Making book series is to convey the general principles and findings of research in judgment and decision making to the many academic and professional fields to which it applies. Because the field of judgment and decision making is largely a formal one (similar to mathematics), its principles and findings are applicable to a wide range of disciplines, including psychology, medicine, social policy, law, management science, economics, and accounting.

The books in this series are aimed at researchers and their upper-level students. Most of the books are multiauthored volumes written by authorities in the field and sponsored by the Publications Committee of the Society for Judgment and Decision Making.

PUBLISHED

Social Psychology and Economics, De Cremer, Zeelenberg & Murnighan

The Science of Giving: Experimental Approaches to the Study of Charity, Oppenheimer & Olivola

Perspectives on Framing, Keren

A Handbook of Process Tracing Methods for Decision Research, Schulte-Mecklenbeck, Kuehberger & Ranyard

For continually updated information about published and forthcoming titles in the Society for Judgment and Decision Making series, please visit www.psypress.com/sjdm


THE SCIENCE OF GIVING

EXPERIMENTAL APPROACHES TO THE STUDY OF CHARITY

Edited by

Daniel M. Oppenheimer

Christopher Y. Olivola

New York London Psychology Press Taylor Francis Group 270 Madison Avenue - photo 3

New York London


Psychology Press
Taylor & Francis Group
270 Madison Avenue
New York, NY 10016

Psychology Press
Taylor & Francis Group
27 Church Road
Hove, East Sussex BN3 2FA

2011 by Taylor and Francis Group, LLC

Psychology Press is an imprint of Taylor & Francis Group, an Informa business

This edition published in the Taylor & Francis e-Library, 2011.

To purchase your own copy of this or any of Taylor & Francis or Routledges collection of thousands of eBooks please go to www.eBookstore.tandf.co.uk.

ISBN 0-203-86597-9 Master e-book ISBN

International Standard Book Number: 978-1-84872-885-1 (Hardback)

For permission to photocopy or use material electronically from this work, please access www. copyright.com (http://www.copyright.com/) or contact the Copyright Clearance Center, Inc.
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Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data

The science of giving : experimental approaches to the study of charity / editors,
Daniel M. Oppenheimer, Christopher Y. Olivola.
p. cm.
Includes bibliographical references and index.
ISBN 978-1-84872-885-1 (pbk. : alk. paper)
1. Charities--Psychological aspects. 2. Charity--Psychological aspects.
3. Generosity--Psychological aspects. I. Oppenheimer, Daniel M. II. Olivola,
Christopher Yves, 1980
HV16.S39 2011
179.9--dc22 2010034067

Visit the Taylor & Francis Web site at

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http://www.psypress.com

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Contents


Lalin Anik,Lara B. Aknin,Michael I. Norton, andElizabeth W. Dunn


Michal Ann Strahilevitz


Tom Meyvis,Aronte Bennett, andDaniel M. Oppenheimer


Christopher Y. Olivola


Rachel CrosonandJen (Yue) Shang


Richard MartinandJohn Randal


Rebecca K. Ratner,Min Zhao, andJennifer A. Clarke


Tehila KogutandIlana Ritov


Deborah A. Small


Stephan Dickert,Namika Sagara, andPaul Slovic


Michaela Huber,Leaf Van Boven, andA. Peter McGraw


Wendy Liu


Jonathan BaronandEwa Szymanska


Cynthia CryderandGeorge Loewenstein

Acknowledgments

We would like to thank Paul Brest and the Hewlett Foundation for their financial and logistical support in promoting empirical approaches to the study of charity. We would also like to thank participants of the 2007 Princeton-Hewlett conference, Experimental Approaches to the Study of Charitable Giving, for engaging discussions about the factors influencing charitable giving decisions. Special thanks go to Dara Wathanapaisal and Jeff Zemla for excellent research assistance on this project. Thanks also go to Peter Forsberg, Carolyn Hsu, Taylor Numann, Mark Starks, and the members of the Opplab for advice, feedback, and support. Paula Hunchar, Hale Peffall, Nicole Eley, and Adrian Sargeant provided valuable insights from the perspective of fundraisers, for which we are very grateful. Finally, we would like to thank Stephanie Drew, our contact at Taylor and Francis, and the SJDM Book Series committee for their support and guidance through the creation of this book. And of course, we thank our parents, to whom we dedicate this volume, our very first (edited) book.

About the Editors

Danny Oppenheimer is currently an Associate Professor of Psychology and Public Policy at Princeton University. He received his B.A. from Rice University and his Ph.D. from Stanford University. His research focuses on human decision making strategies and their policy implications.

Christopher Olivola is a research fellow at University College London. He received a B.A. in psychology from the University of Chicago and a joint-Ph.D. in psychology and policy from Princeton University. His research focuses on the psychology of human decision making and behavioral economics. He is funded by a Newton International Fellowship and an ESRC grant.

Contributors

Lara B. Aknin

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