Timothy J. Bradley - Bug Builders

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Timothy J. Bradley

Teacher Created Materials

5301 Oceanus Drive

Huntington Beach, CA 92649-1030

http://www.tcmpub.com

ISBN 978-1-4333-4821-1

2013 Teacher Created Materials, Inc.

Consultants

Timothy Rasinski, Ph.D.

Kent State University

Lori Oczkus

Literacy Consultant

Tejdeep Kochhar

High School Biology Teacher

Based on writing from

TIME For Kids. TIME For Kids and the TIME

For Kids logo are registered trademarks of

TIME Inc. Used under license.

Publishing Credits

Dona Herweck Rice , Editor-in-Chief

Lee Aucoin , Creative Director

Jamey Acosta , Senior Editor

Heidi Fiedler , Editor

Lexa Hoang , Designer

Stephanie Reid , Photo Editor

Rane Anderson , Contributing Author

Rachelle Cracchiolo , M.S.Ed., Publisher

Image Credits: pp.15, 32 Alamy; pp.18,

22 (background) Dreamstime; pp.13

(bottom), 16, 21 (top), 26, 27 (top), 39

(bottom) Getty Images; pp.12, 21 (bottom),

41 (right) iStockphoto; p.23 NASA; p.14

National Geographic Stock; pp.8 (left), 9

(bottom), 19 (top), 20 Photo Researchers,

Inc.; pp.1011, 3839, 48 Timothy J. Bradley;

p.35 Time Inc.; p.17 WENN.com/Newscom;

p.7 (top) Newscom; All other images from

Shutterstock.

Synched Read-Along Version by:

Triangle Interactive LLC

PO Box 573

Prior Lake, MN 55372

ISBN-13: 978-1-68444-918-7 (e-book)

Table of

Contents

Making It Work ................

Bug Builders ...................

Building Underwater ...........

Special Projects ...............

Biomimicry ...................

Glossary ......................

Index ........................

Bibliography .................. 46

More to Explore ...............

About the Author ..............

Making It

Work

Engineers are people who find new ways

to make things work. They build bridges.

They dig tunnels. They make roads. They also

plan how to build toys, forks, cars, and more!

Some of the best engineers never went to college.

They were born knowing how to build things. But

these engineers arent people they are bugs!

Imagine a creature that can grow its own armor.

What about a bug that can make silk that is stronger

than steel? Insects can make structures as amazing

as our biggest skyscrapers. Some use materials they

find in nature. Others build things using their own

bodies! These are not aliens from a science-fiction

movie. These animal engineers build new things

on Earth every day.

A spider builds a silk

case for its eggs.

A wasp builds a hive.

Have you ever tried solving a problem

by inventing something new?

What needs do insects and people

have in common?

How do you think insects keep

themselves safe?

Bug

Builders

legs

abdomen

thorax

head

wings

exoskeleton

Every animal needs to find ways

to survive. All animals must search for

food. All creatures must find safe places to

live. Insects must avoid predators. But what

exactly is an insect?

An insect breathes air. Its body is divided into

three parts: head, thorax, and abdomen. It has

three pairs of legs. And it has wings.

Insects are a type of arthropod. They have

exoskeletons and jointed legs. Spiders are

arthropods. Crabs and some sea creatures are, too.

Around the world, these bug engineers have built

small structures that help them survive in a big way.

Did You Know?

In some cultures, fried and

chocolate-covered insects, such

as bees and ants, are considered

a tasty treat.

an ancient scorpion

trapped in amber

a variety of insect snacks

Insects were some of the first creatures

to exist on Earth. They showed up over

100,000,000 years ago!

Spittlebug

Spittlebug is the name given to

the froghopper in the nymph stage

of development. The spittlebug is an

insect that makes bubbles that look like

spit. (Thats where it gets its name.) First,

it makes a big glob of froth. Then, it sits

inside it. That is where it grows into an adult.

The froth hides the bug from predators. And

those who attack the spittlebug will learn that

the froth has a very bad taste.

spittlebug nymph

adult froghopper

Super Spit

This spittlebugs froth does more than hide the nymph.

It also keeps the nymph at the right temperature and

prevents the insect from drying out.

Froghopper

Insect Names

Spittlebugs get their name from the froth in which they

hide. Many other insects get nicknames based on the

way they act or look, too. There

are caterpillars called woolly

bears. Termites are sometimes

called white ants. Fierce ants

in Africa are called army ants or

driver ants. Stinging ants are

called fire ants.

woolly bear caterpillar

An adult froghopper emerges

from the froth.

Building a Bubble

The frothy spit a spittlebug hides in is very

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