Timothy J. Bradley - Demons of the Deep

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Consultants

Timothy Rasinski, Ph.D.

Kent State University

Lori Oczkus

Literacy Consultant

William B. Rice

Natural Science Author

and Consultant

Based on writing from

TIME For Kids. TIME For Kids and the TIME

For Kids logo are registered trademarks of

TIME Inc. Used under license.

Publishing Credits

Dona Herweck Rice , Editor-in-Chief

Lee Aucoin , Creative Director

Jamey Acosta , Senior Editor

Lexa Hoang , Designer

Stephanie Reid , Photo Editor

Rane Anderson , Contributing Author

Rachelle Cracchiolo , M.S.Ed., Publisher

Image Credits:

pp.40, 41 (middle) Alamy;

p.41 (top) The Bridgeman Art Library; pp.11

(bottom), 21 Corbis; p.39 Deep Sea Photography;

pp.19 (top), 31 Getty Images; p.41 LOC

[LC-USZ62-65466]; p.14 The Monterey Bay

Aquarium Research Institute (MBARI); p.16 AFP/

Getty Images/Newscom; p.27 Newscom; p.32

dpa/picture-alliance/Newscom; p.51 (top) KRT/

Newscom; pp.24, 37, 38 Reuters/Newscom;

p.53 (bottom) ZUMA Press/Newscom; pp.30,

43, 51 Norbert Wu/Minden Pictures/National

Geographic Stock; pp.67, 1819, 2829, 33, 42,

4445, 4849, 5253 NOAA; pp.89 Bruce Rasner/

Rotman/Nature Photo Library; p.12 David Shale/

Nature Photo Library; pp.11 (top), 19 (bottom),

26 (bottom), 2829, 5253(middle), 56 Photo

Researchers Inc.; pp.36 (illustration), 47(bottom)

ThinkStock; p.48 Kmusser/Wikimedia; p.10

(bottom) Carl Chun/Wikipedia; pp.2223, 3435,

39 (illustration), 4647 (illustrations), 55, 55

(illustrations) Timothy J. Bradley; All other images

from Shutterstock.

Teacher Created Materials

5301 Oceanus Drive

Huntington Beach, CA 92649-1030

http://www.tcmpub.com

ISBN 978-1-4333-4896-9

2013 Teacher Created Materials, Inc.

Teacher Created Materials

5301 Oceanus Drive

Huntington Beach, CA 92649-1030

http://www.tcmpub.com

2013 Teacher Created Materials, Inc.

Synched Read-Along Version by:

Triangle Interactive LLC

PO Box 573

Prior Lake, MN 55372

ISBN-13: 978-1-68444-967-5 (e-book)

Table of Contents

The Deadly Deep ...............

The Twilight Zone ..............

The Midnight Zone ............

The Abyssal Zone .............

Hadal Zone ...................

Life in the Abyss ..............

Glossary .....................

Index .......................

Bibliography .................

More to Explore ...............

About the Author ..............

The Deadly Deep

S

uit up and jump in, but be warned danger

awaits! Predators lurk in these icy, dark waters,

waiting to catch a tasty morsel. And the deeper down

you go, the harder it is to see them. Sunlight cant

reach these chilly depths. No sunlight means there

is no plant life. These sea creatures must find other

things to eat. Adaptations help these demons of

the deep thrive in harsh conditions. They may look

strange to us, but for them, its the only way to survive.

In the deadly deep, its sink or swim.

Why should humans explore the deepest

layers of the sea?

What dangers do sea creatures confront in

the deepest layers of the ocean?

What types of adaptations help them survive?

The

Twilight Zone

E

arths oceans cover percent of the planet, but

only a small portion of these waters has been

explored. Most of what we know about the oceans

comes from studying areas closer to the surface. That

includes parts of the twilight zone. It begins feet

below the surface. The water is as dim as the evening

sky when the sun sets. At this depth, there is not

enough light for photosynthesis, making plants scarce.

Food is difficult to find. Special adaptations help fish

hunt at this level. Some animals swim up to the surface

to feed at night. Others wait for food to fall down

from above. And some eat each other.

Get in the Zone

The scientific name for this part

of the ocean is the mesopelagic

(MEZ-uh-puh-LAJ-ik) zone.

Twilight

6003,000 feet

Midnight

Abyssal

Hadal

barrel jellyfish

lion mane jellyfish

Life in the Dark

The deep sea is one of the most

hostile places to live on Earth. But

it is home to an amazing array of

life. Scientists have found more

than 16,000 species that live in

the depths of the ocean. These

creatures live their entire lives

without seeing light from

the sun.

Megamouth Shark

Many creatures survive by filter

feeding. Several types of whales

are filter feeders. Manta rays are

filter feeders, too. Not all filter

feeders live in water, though.

The flamingo, a large bird, is

also a filter feeder.

Filter Feeders

At nearly 1,500 pounds, megamouths are some of

the largest sharks in the ocean, but they eat some of the

smallest organisms. They take in large gulps of water

and push them through their gill slits. Tiny organisms

such as plankton are caught by gill rakers. They filter

the food so it can be swallowed. That is why they are

known as filter feeders.

The four-foot-wide mouth is surrounded by

light-producing photophores. This light attracts

plankton. Scientists think megamouth sharks spend

their days in deep water, from to feet deep.

At night, they migrate closer to the surface to

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