Stephanie Paris - 21st Century: Mysteries of Deep Space

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Mysteries

of

Deep Space

Mysteries

of

Deep Space

21st Century

Stephanie Paris

Consultants

Timothy Rasinski, Ph.D.

Kent State University

Lori Oczkus

Literacy Consultant

Matt Heverly

NASA Engineer

Based on writing from

TIME For Kids. TIME For Kids and the TIME

For Kids logo are registered trademarks of

TIME Inc. Used under license.

Publishing Credits

Dona Herweck Rice , Editor-in-Chief

Lee Aucoin , Creative Director

Jamey Acosta , Senior Editor

Lexa Hoang , Designer

Stephanie Reid , Photo Editor

Rane Anderson , Contributing Author

Rachelle Cracchiolo , M.S.Ed., Publisher

Image Credits: cover, pp.35, 811,

1621, 2829, 3233, 33, 36, 3639, 4445,

45, 4849, 53 (left), 5464 NASA; p.26

(bottom) iStockphoto; pp.23 (bottom),

55 REUTERS/Newscom; p.38 ZUMA Press/

Newscom pp.23 (top), 36, 42, 4648, 5051,

64 (bottom) Photo Researchers Inc.; p.35

(illustration) Stephanie Reid; pp.3031, 37,

4041 (illustrations) Timothy J. Bradley;

All other images from Shutterstock.

Teacher Created Materials

5301 Oceanus Drive

Huntington Beach, CA 92649-1030

http://www.tcmpub.com

ISBN 978-1-4333-4900-3

2013 Teacher Created Materials, Inc.

Teacher Created Materials

5301 Oceanus Drive

Huntington Beach, CA 92649-1030

http://www.tcmpub.com

2013 Teacher Created Materials, Inc.

Synched Read-Along Version by:

Triangle Interactive LLC

PO Box 573

Prior Lake, MN 55372

ISBN-13: 978-1-68444-959-0 (e-book)

Table of contents

Whats Out There? .............

Watching and Listening .......

Our Place in Space ............

Glossary .....................

Index .......................

Bibliography ................. 62

More to Explore ..............

About the Author .............

What's Out There?

When you look up at the night sky, what do you

think about? Do you imagine visiting those faraway

stars? Do you wonder if there is life out there? Do

you wonder how many stars there are and where they

all came from? These are the same questions that

scientists ask.

In the 20th century, adventurers began to explore

space. They built powerful rockets. They sent

satellites to faraway places. In the 1960s, they

even sent humans to the moon! But its the 21st

century now. Technology is more advanced. And

scientists are setting goals that take us farther away

from home.

Why do scientists want to

explore space?

How has learning about

space changed our lives?

What advances in

technology have helped

scientists explore space in

the 21st century?

THE SUN

Shine Your Light

The color of a star is related to how big it is. This is

because the color is related to the temperature and the

temperature is related to the size.

White Stars

75,000F

as small as

Earth; same

mass as

the sun

Blue Stars

45,000F

much larger

than the sun;

burns brightly

and quickly

Yellow Stars

10,000F

the same size

as the sun;

stable and

slow burning

Red Dwarfs

less than 7,000F

nearly a tenth of

the mass of the

sun; the most

common type

of star

A star lies at the center of our solar system . Its only

a midsized yellow star. Yet a million Earths could fit

inside. Its mass is nearly 300,000 times greater than the

Earths. We call it the sun . Without the sun, Earth would

be cold and very dark. The suns hot bright energy allows

life on Earth to survive. Without the suns gravity , Earth

and the other planets orbiting our sun would fly off into

space. Without the sun, there would be nothing to see

and no one to see it.

More than percent of

the solar systems mass is

found in the sun.

We Are All

Stardust

Nearly every element in the

universe was created in an intensely

hot star. Older stars exploded and

sent these element into the universe.

In time, they mixed together to

create new stars, new planets,

and even life here on Earth.

A Star Is Born

Just like humans, stars have a

life cycle. They are born, grow,

and eventually die. But unlike

humans, a stars life cycle can last

millions of years. Just like humans,

stars die at different ages. Humans die

when their bodies wear out. Stars die

when they run out of fuel.

Stars begin as giant

clouds of dust

and gas. These

nebulae are the

birthplaces of stars.

As it grows older,

the star expands

into a red giant.

A smaller sun-like

star is formed.

A planetary

nebula is formed

as the dying star

casts off its outer

layers of gas.

The star becomes

a white dwarf as

its core begins to

cool and shrink.

When all its

energy is used,

the star becomes

a black dwarf.

Low-Mass Star

Life Cycle

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