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Books
Christopher, Matt. The Olympics: Legendary Sports Events . New York: Little, BrownBooks for Young Readers, 2008.
Gifford, Clive. Summer Olympics: The Definitive Guide to the Worlds Greatest SportsCelebration . New York: Kingfisher, 2004.
Johnson, Robin. Paralympic Sports Events . New York: Crabtree Publishing, 2009.
Macy, Sue. Freeze Frame: A Photographic History of the Winter Olympics . Washington,D.C.: National Geographic Childrens Books, 2006.
Macy, Sue. Swifter, Higher, Stronger: A Photographic History of the Summer Olympics .Washington, D.C.: National Geographic Childrens Books, 2008.
Websites
www.london2012.com
The website of the London 2012 Games includes details of venues and preparationsfor the Games, as well as information about Olympic sports.
www.olympic.org
The official website of the International Olympic Committee includes facts and statisticsabout every Olympic Games and every medal winner.
www.paralympic.org
This is the official website of the Paralympic movement.
To find out about the different countries competing at the Olympics, you can searchfor the National Olympic Committee of each country.
The Worlds Games
The opening ceremony was nearly over. As people held their breath in the . The Olympic Games had begun!
Festival of sports
The Summer Olympic Games is the worlds greatest sporting event. Every four years,athletes from more than 200 nations compete in around 300 different sporting events.The Winter Olympic Games are also held every four years for winter sports, such asskiing and snowboarding. The athletes want to be the best in their sport and takehome the winners gold medal.
Some countries, such as China and the United States, send hundreds of athletes. Theyexpect to win many medals. Other countries may only send a few athletes and are happyto win one medal. Afghanistan won its first medal at the 2008 Olympics in Beijing,China.
Olympic controversy
Although the Olympics are about bringing people together, the Games have had theirfair share of arguments and crises. Disagreements between countries have meant someathletes have not been allowed to compete at the Olympics. Some athletes have cheatedby taking to win medals.
The 2008 Beijing Olympic Games began with a spectacular opening ceremony.
The Olympic creed
The most important thing in life is not the triumph, but the fight; the essentialthing is not to have won, but to have fought well.
How It All Began
The first Olympic Games were held nearly 2,800 years ago, in 776 BCE. Every fouryears, athletes from around would meet at Olympia. The first Olympicsonly included one sporting eventthe stade , or sprint race. Over the years more eventswere added, such as boxing and discus throwing.
The modern Olympics
In 1890, Baron Pierre de Coubertin had the idea of bringing back the Olympic Games.The first modern Games were held in Athens, Greece, in 1896.
Pankration was the most violent sport at the ancient Olympics. This cross betweenboxing and wrestling is not part of the modern Games.
Olympic fact file: Athens 1896
Countries: 14
Athletes: 245 men, 0 women
Most successful country: United States
- Spiridon Louis of Greece won the first official race, from Marathon to Athens.
- Swimming events were held in the cold sea. One athlete said, my will to live overcamemy desire to win!
Spiridon Louis of Greece won the marathon at the 1896 Athens Olympics. The runner who finished third wasdisqualified for taking a lift from a carriage for part of the route.
PIERRE DE COUBERTIN (18631937)
Coubertin was a French for many years.
Every Nation on Earth
Athletes from almost every country compete at todays Olympics. But the first modernOlympics only included athletes from 14 nations, who had done very little training.In 1896 Irishman John Boland was in Greece visiting a friend and joined in the tenniscompetition. He won two gold medals.
Every four years, the Games are held in a different city. Paris in 1900 was the firstOlympics where women competed. Today just under half of all athletes at the SummerOlympics are women.
Britains Charlotte Cooper was the first Olympic womens champion when she won thetennis singles in Paris. Athletes clothing has changed a lot since 1900!
The Games get going
The modern Olympics became more popular after the first London Olympics in 1908.The first Winter Olympics were held in 1924. Despite breaks for the two World Wars(19141918 and 19391945), the Olympics were here to stay. The London 2012 OlympicGames are the 27th modern Games, and the third in London.
At the start of the Games, one athlete takes the Olympic oath, on behalf of all the athletes, promising to abide by the rules andcompete in the spirit of .
Medal tables
Individuals and teams, rather than countries, win medals at the Olympics. However,there is strong competition to be the top country and lead the medal table. The UnitedStates has topped the medal table more times than any other nation.
Symbols of the Olympics
There are three main a different value.
The Olympic flame
The lighting of the Olympic flame in the stadium is the key moment of the openingceremony. The flame stays lit until the closing ceremony. Several months before theGames, the flame is lit by the Suns rays at Olympia in Greece. It is then takento the host city by a relay of runners carrying burning torches . The Olympic flamesymbolizes friendship.
The Olympic motto
The Olympic is Citius, Altius, Fortius, which means Faster, Higher, Strongerin Latin. The motto symbolizes excellence.