Literary Criticism and Cultural Theory
Edited by
William E. Cain
Professor of English
Wellesley College
A R OUTLEDGE S ERIES
L ITERARY C RITICISM AND C ULTURAL T HEORY
W ILLIAM E. C AIN , General Editor
T HE E ND OF THE M IND
The Edge of the Intelligible in Hardy, Stevens, Larkin, Plath, and Glck
DeSales Harrison
A UTHORING THE S ELF
Self-Representation, Authorship, and the Print Market in British Poetry from Pope through Wordsworth
Scott Hess
N ARRATIVE M UTATIONS
Discourses of Heredity and Caribbean Literature
Rudyard J. Alcocer
B ETWEEN P ROFITS AND P RIMITIVISM
Shaping White Middle-Class Masculinity in the United States 18801917
Athena Devlin
P OETRY AND R EPETITION
Walt Whitman, Wallace Stevens, John Ashbery
Krystyna Mazur
T HE F ICTION OF N ATIONALITY IN AN E RA OF T RANSNATIONALISM
Nyla Ali Khan
G ENDERED P ATHOLOGIES
The Female Body and Biomedical Discourse in the Nineteenth-Century English Novel
Sondra M. Archimedes
T WENTIETH -C ENTURY A MERICANISM
Identity and Ideology in Depression-Era Leftist Fiction
Andrew C. Yerkes
W ILDERNESS C ITY
The Post World War II American Urban Novel from Algren to Wideman
Ted L. Clontz
T HE I MPERIAL Q UEST AND M ODERN M EMORY FROM C ONRAD TO G REENE
J. M. Rawa
T HE E THICS OF E XILE
Colonialism in the Fictions of Charles Brockden Brown and J. M. Coetzee
Timothy Francis Strode
T HE R OMANTIC S UBLIME AND M IDDLE -C LASS S UBJECTIVITY IN THE V ICTORIAN N OVEL
Stephen Hancock
V ITAL C ONTACT
Downclassing Journeys in American Literature from Herman Melville to Richard Wright
Patrick Chura
C OSMOPOLITAN F ICTIONS
Ethics, Politics, and Global Change in the Works of Kazuo Ishiguro, Michael Ondaatje, Jamaica Kincaid, and J. M. Coetzee
Katherine Stanton
O UTSIDER C ITIZENS
The Remaking of Postwar Identity in Wright, Beauvoir, and Baldwin
Sarah Relyea
A N E THICS OF B ECOMING
Configurations of Feminine Subjectivity in Jane Austen, Charlotte Bront, and George Eliot
Sonjeong Cho
N ARRATIVE D ESIRE AND H ISTORICAL R EPARATIONS
A. S. Byatt, Ian McEwan, Salman Rushdie
Tim S. Gauthier
Excerpts from Black Dogs, by Ian McEwan, copyright? 1992 Ian McEwan, published in the U.S. by Doubleday, used by permission of Doubleday, a Division of Random House, Inc., published in the UK by Jonathan Cape, used by permission of Jonathan Cape, reprinted in the UK by permission of The Random House Group, Ltd. Excerpts from Midnights Children, By Salman Rushdie, published by Jonathan Cape, reprinted by permission of The Random House Group, Ltd. Excerpts from Possession, By A.S. Byatt, copyright 1991 by A.S. Byatt, used in the U.S. by permission of Random House, Inc., and in the UK by permission of Sll/sterling Lord Literistic, Inc.
Published in 2006 by
Routledge
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Published in Great Britain by
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2006 by Taylor & Francis Group, LLC
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Transferred to Digital Printing 2009
International Standard Book Number-10: 0-415-97541-7 (Hardcover)
International Standard Book Number-13: 978-0-415-97541-4 (Hardcover)
Library of Congress Card Number 2005024182
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Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data
Gauthier, Tim S.
Narrative desire and historical reparations: A.S. Byatt, Jan McEwan, Salmon Rushdie I by Tim S. Gauthier.
p. cm. -- (Literary criticism and cultural theory)
Includes bibliographical references (p. ) and index.
ISBN 0-415-97541-7 (acid-free paper)
1. English fiction--20th century--History and criticism. 2. Literature and history--Great Britain--
History-- 20th century. 3. Byatt, A. S. (Antonia Susan), 1936---Knowledge--History. 4. Narration (Rhetoric)--History--20th century. 5. Rushdie, Salman. Midnights children. 6. Reparations for historical injustices. 7. McEwan, Ian. Black dogs. 8. History in literature. 9. Desire in literature. I. Title. II. Series.
PR888.H5G38 2005
823.5409358--dc22
2005024182
ISBN10: 0-415-97541-7 (hbk)
ISBN10: 0-415-80338-1 (pbk)
ISBN13: 978-0-415-97541-4 (hbk)
ISBN13: 978-0-415-80338-0 (pbk)
Publishers Note
The publisher has gone to great lengths to ensure the quality of this reprint but points out that some imperfections in the original may be apparent.
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For Marta
Contents
I would especially like to thank Beth Rosenberg, whose guidance and criticism, combined with the fostering of a true reciprocal relationship, improved this work in so many ways. I also wish to express my appreciation to John Bowers and Megan Becker-Leckrone for their insights and valuable suggestions. Many others have helped and supported me along the way, and among these I would particularly like to recognize Min-Qian Ma, Richard Harp and Chris Hudgins. Each of these individuals contributed to make this journey a challenging and pleasurable one. A Presidents Fellowship from the University of Nevada, Las Vegas provided financial support and, more important, some unencumbered time to work on this project at a crucial stage. And, finally, to Marta, I couldnt have done this without you. Your passion, conviction, and most particularly your love, keep me striving.
Chapter One
History, Anxiety, and Narrative Desire
British novelists since Walter Scott have exhibited an interest in history, but this affinity has transformed into a veritable obsession in the fiction of contemporary writers in the last two decades. In fact, a concern with (and distrust of) history and historiographic projects is often hailed as a defining characteristic of postmodernism. And while these writers of new historical novels, as Del Ivan Janik labels them, cannot be said to form a movement as such, the propensity of such texts indicates the existence of one or more communal concerns. Nevertheless, there exists a readily identifiable strain of literary production that addresses the circulation of mutual symptoms, beliefs, and anxieties as a response to living in this particular moment in history. Examining three representative novelsA. S. Byatts Possession: A Romance, Ian McEwans Black Dogs, and Salman Rushdies Midnights Children this study explores the communal logic and impulse that identifies both reading and constructing narratives as purposeful gestures in coming to terms with our present and future.