B. Granville (Bernard Granville) Baker - The Passing of the Turkish Empire in Europe

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Every attempt has been made to replicate the original as printed. No attempt has been made to correct or normalize the spelling of non-English words. Some typographical errors have been corrected; . Some illustrations have been moved from mid-paragraph for ease of reading. In certain versions of this etext, in certain browsers, clicking on this symbol will bring up a larger version of the image. (etext transcriber's note)

THE PASSING OF THE TURKISH EMPIRE IN EUROPE

Seraglio Point The entrance to the Golden Horn with foreign warships: a white-painted Dutch man-of-war, the Gelderland; the French cruiser, Lon Gambetta; H.M.S. Weymouth; and an Austrian battleship. In the distance the Tower of Galata.
Seraglio Point
The entrance to the Golden Horn with foreign warships: a white-painted Dutch man-of-war, the Gelderland; the French cruiser, Lon Gambetta; H.M.S. Weymouth; and an Austrian battleship. In the distance the Tower of Galata.

THE PASSING
OF THE
TURKISH EMPIRE
IN EUROPE

BY
CAPTAIN B. GRANVILLE BAKER
LATE OF H.M. 21ST HUSSARS AND THE 9TH ROYAL PRUSSIAN HUSSARS
AUTHOR OF THE WALLS OF CONSTANTINOPLE, THE
DANUBE WITH PEN AND PENCIL, A WINTER
HOLIDAY IN PORTUGAL, &c.
WITH 33 ILLUSTRATIONS & A MAP
LONDON
SEELEY, SERVICE & CO. LIMITED
38 Great Russell Street
1913

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The Passing of the Turkish Empire in Europe. By Captain B. Granville Baker , Formerly Captain in the 21st Hussars. Author of The Walls of Constantinople, &c. &c. With 33 Illustrations & Map. Demy 8vo, 16s. net.

A Turkish Womans European Impressions Giving the Experiences of a Turkish woman of good family and high culture, who fled from the Monotony and Intolerable Spying System which makes the life of such Turkish women a burden. Edited by Grace Ellison . With a Portrait by Auguste Rodin , and 23 other Illustrations from photographs. Extra crown 8vo, 6s. net.

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CONTENTS

PAGE

Introduction

LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS

Seraglio Point

PAGE

Map

Anatoli Kavak

Refugees

By the Seraglio Walls

Roumeli Hissar

A Deserted Street

The Mosque of St. Sophia

The Aqueduct of Valens

On the way to the Phanar

His Holiness Joachim III

The Mosque of Suleiman

A Disused Monastery

The Walls of Theodosius

The Sea-walls of Constantinople

The Burnt Column

A Byzantine Palace

The Lines of Chatalja

The Mosque of Mohammed

The Mosque of Eyub

The Gate of Adrianople

The Mosque of Suleiman and the Tower of the War Office

The Dardanelles

Semendria

Constantinople

At the Phanar

Funeral of an Armenian Archbishop

The Coast of Greece

Anatoli Hissar

Tenedos

Goluba

Dedo Mitri

Radol

The Fountain at Radol

INTRODUCTION

T OWARDS the end of a dismal summer, when everybody who is anybody in the United Kingdom was departing for their annual holidays, dark clouds began to gather on the political horizon overshadowing that European storm-centre, the Balkan Peninsula. Angry clouds had gathered over the seething races of those lands so frequently that no one heeded when the cry Wolf! went up again. Balkan troubles again, said those who thought they knew, and they turned with renewed interest to places for the holidays. But the clouds gathered apace, and ere Europe was fully alive to the situation, protests, ultimata, and the usual amenities had been exchanged; the world found itself confronted by a war between the Ottoman Empire and its former subjects, now clearly defined nationalities, united to one purpose, and that the end of Turkish rule in Europe.

While the Great Powers slowly set in motion the cumbrous machinery of diplomacy the storm-clouds discharged their lightnings, setting ablaze all the country from the Danube to the gean Sea, from the Adriatic to the Black Sea. Over the borders of Turkey in Europe came hosts of armed men, ably led, well trained, and purposeful. They came down the Valley of the Maritza, the Struma, down from the Black Mountains, and out of Greece in the south, nations in arms, and determined to end oppression in Turkeys European possessions. With desperate valour they beat down fierce resistance until but a small shred was left of the Empire carved by the sword of Othman out of South-Eastern Europe.

History was in the making while diplomacy still talked about the status quo, and to my mind present events, if not an actual repetition of former historic happenings, bear at least some resemblance to them. Again an enemys angry gaze is directed towards Constantinople, again, as the early days of the ninth century into modern times, the Ruler in the seat of Constantine prepares to meet invasion. And beneath the surface of the troubled waters is there is the feeling of a heavy ground-swell. The Goths came down the Valley of the Maritza and met the Roman legions at Adrianople; the latter were defeated, Emperor Valens left among the slain. Yet those Goths were only the fringe of that great movement which broke the power of Rome. In those remote days of the Vlkerwanderung Central Europe seethed with strong young nations bent on expansion forced by their growing numbers. Slav pressed on Teuton, and both races overflowed the boundaries set them by the Csars.

Are matters very different now? Perhaps the only difference is that the desire to expand, subconscious in early days of Christianity, is now informed of consciousness, is born of clearly defined necessities, and directed towards definite aims. The main line of advance since the first Aryans crossed the Balkans, swarmed over the Peloponese, peopled the islands of the gean Sea, and found their way to India has always been to southward, towards warm water; their movements to the north and west might be considered as purporting to guard their flanks, had they been conscious of strategic necessities.

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