Paul E. Holtzheimer - A Clinical Guide to Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation

A Clinical Guide to Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation

EDITED BY

Paul E. Holtzheimer, MD

Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth Lebanon, NH

William M. McDonald, MD

Emory University School of Medicine Atlanta, GA

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Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data
A Clinical Guide to Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation / edited by Paul E. Holtzheimer, William M. McDonald.
p. ; cm.
Includes bibliographical references.
ISBN 9780199926480 (alk. paper)
I. Holtzheimer, Paul E., editor of compilation. II. McDonald, William M., 1953editor of compilation.
[DNLM: 1. Mental Disorderstherapy. 2. Transcranial Magnetic Stimulationmethods. WM 400]
RC480.53
616.8906dc23
2013034522

The science of medicine is a rapidly changing field. As new research and clinical experience broaden our knowledge, changes in treatment and drug therapy occur. The author and publisher of this work have checked with sources believed to be reliable in their efforts to provide information that is accurate and complete, and in accordance with the standards accepted at the time of publication. However, in light of the possibility of human error or changes in the practice of medicine, neither the author, nor the publisher, nor any other party who has been involved in the preparation or publication of this work warrants that the information contained herein is in every respect accurate or complete. Readers are encouraged to confirm the information contained herein with other reliable sources, and are strongly advised to check the product information sheet provided by the pharmaceutical company for each drug they plan to administer.

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Scott Aaronson, MD

Sheppard and Enoch Pratt Hospital

Towson, Maryland

Daniel M. Blumberger, MD

Temerty Centre for Therapeutic Brain

Intervention

Centre for Addiction and Mental Health

University of Toronto

Toronto, Ontario, Canada

Mario A. Cristancho, MD

Neuromodulation Program, Department of

Psychiatry

University of Pennsylvania

Philadelphia, Pennsylvania

Zafiris J. Daskalakis, MD, PhD

Temerty Centre for Therapeutic Brain

Intervention

Centre for Addiction and Mental Health

University of Toronto

Toronto, Ontario, Canada

Charles M. Epstein, MD

Department of Neurology

Emory University School of Medicine

Atlanta, Georgia

Paul Fitzgerald, MD, PhD

Monash Alfred Psychiatry Research Centre

Melbourne, Australia

Mark S. George, MD

Stimulation Laboratory

SC Brain Imaging Center of Excellence

Medical University of South Carolina

Charleston, South Carolina

Paul E. Holtzheimer, MD

Director, Mood Disorders Service, Geisel

School of Medicine at Dartmouth

Lebanon, NH

Jean-Pascal Lefaucheur, MD, PhD

Hpital Henri Mondor

Department of Physiology

University of Paris

Paris, France

Sarah H. Lisanby, MD

Department of Psychiatry & Behavioral

Sciences

Duke University School of Medicine

Durham, North Carolia

Colleen Loo, MD

School of Psychiatry

University of New South Wales

Sydney, Australia

Daniel F. Maixner, MD

Department of Psychiatry

University of Michigan

Ann Arbor, Michigan

W. Vaughn McCall, MD, MS

Department of Psychiatry and Health

Behavior

Medical College of GeorgiaGeorgia

Regents University

Augusta, Georgia

Shawn M. McClintock, PhD

Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences

Duke University School of

Medicine

Durham, North Carolina

William M. McDonald, MD

J.B. Fuqua Chair for Late-Life Depression

Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral

Sciences

Emory University School of Medicine

Michelle L. Moyer, MD

Neuromodulation Program

Department of Psychiatry

Rowan University School of Osteopathic

Medicine

Stratford, New Jersey

John P. OReardon, MD

Neuromodulation Program

Department of Psychiatry

Rowan University School of Osteopathic

Medicine

Stratford, New Jersey

Guy Potter, PhD

Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral

Sciences

Duke University School of Medicine

Durham, North Carolina

Simone Rossi, MD, PhD

Azienda Ospedaliera-Universitaria Senese

Brain Investigation &

Neuromodulation Lab

Policlinico Le Scotte

Sienna, Italy

Peter B. Rosenquist, MD

Department of Psychiatry and Health

Behavior

Medical College of GeorgiaGeorgia

Regents University

Augusta, Georgia

Natasha Radhu

Temerty Centre for Therapeutic Brain

Intervention

Centre for Addiction and Mental Health

University of Toronto

Toronto, Ontario, Canada

Joseph J. Taylor, MD, PhD

Brain Stimulation Laboratory

SC Brain Imaging Center of Excellence

Medical University of South Carolina

Charleston, South Carolina

Anosha Zanjani

Temerty Centre for Therapeutic Brain

Intervention

Centre for Addiction and Mental Health

University of Toronto

Toronto, Ontario, Canada

The first studies of transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) were performed in 1985 by Anthony Barker and his colleagues at the Royal Hallamshire Hospital in Sheffield, England. These studies demonstrated that TMS could induce muscle movements in the hand when applied to the cortical motor strip (Barker, Jalinous, & Freeston, 1985). These early studies provided support for a noninvasive method that could focally stimulate underlying cortical pathways and were the foundation for research into the stimulation of cortical pathways involved in a number of disease processes. Barkers original research was based on single-pulse TMS where a single stimulus was delivered to a specific brain region. Expanding on this, the technology developed to allow a device to deliver multiple stimuli over a short period of time, that is, repetitive TMS (rTMS). rTMS was shown to have lasting effects on cortical excitability that persisted beyond the actual stimulus delivery (Chen et al., 1997; Maeda, Keenan, Tormos, Topka, & Pascual-Leone, 2000). Given the ability of this treatment to modulate cortical activity in a focal way, focus was soon placed on the use of this technique to potentially ameliorate neuropsychiatric disorders, with the earliest studies attempting to treat depression (George et al., 1995; Hoflich, Kasper, Hufnagel, Ruhrmann, & Moller, 1993; Kolbinger, Hoflich, Hufnagel, & et al., 1995; Pascual-Leone, Rubio, Pallardo, & Catala, 1996). Since these first studies, numerous clinical trials of rTMS for the treatment of depression (and other psychiatric disorders) have been conducted.