Duane E. Haines PhD - Fundamental Neuroscience for Basic and Clinical Applications: with STUDENT CONSULT Online Access, 4e

FUNDAMENTAL
Neuroscience
for Basic and Clinical Applications

Fourth Edition

EDITED BY Duane E. Haines, PhD

Professor Emeritus (and Former Chairman), Department of Neurobiology and Anatomical Sciences (formerly The Department of Anatomy), and Professor of Neurosurgery and Professor of Neurology, The University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, Mississippi

M. D. ARD, PhD

J. R. BLOEDEL, MD, PhD

N. F. CAPRA, PhD

J. J. CORBETT, MD

J. D. DICKMAN, PhD

T. M. DWYER, MD, PhD

O. B. EVANS, MD, PhD

J. D. FRATKIN, MD

C. K. HENKEL, PhD

J. A. LANCON, MD

J. C. LYNCH, PhD

T. P. MA, PhD

P. J. MAY, PhD

G. A. MIHAILOFF, PhD

J. P. NAFTEL, PhD

A. D. PARENT, MD

E. PERKINS, PhD

F. A. RAILA, MD

R. W. ROCKHOLD, PhD

M. E. SANTIAGO, MD

K. L. SIMPSON, PhD

A. C. TERRELL, MS, RT (R) (MR)

S. WARREN, PhD

M. A. WILLIS, MD

R. P. YEZIERSKI, PhD

M. P. SCHENK, BS, MSMI, CMI, FAMI

W. K. CUNNINGHAM, BA, MSMI

G. W. ARMSTRONG, RBP

C. P. RUNYAN

L. K. BOYD

1600 John F. Kennedy Blvd.

Ste 1800

Philadelphia, PA 19103-2899

FUNDAMENTAL NEUROSCIENCE FOR BASIC AND CLINICAL APPLICATIONS

ISBN: 978-1-4377-0294-1

Copyright 2013 by Saunders, an imprint of Elsevier Inc.

Copyright 2006, 2002, 1997 by Elsevier Inc.

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Notices

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Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data

Fundamental neuroscience for basic and clinical applications / edited by Duane E. Haines ; contributors, M.D. Ard ... [et al] ; illustrators, M.P. Schenk, W.K. Cunningham ; photographer, G.W. Armstrong ; computer graphics, C.P. Runyan ; typist, L.K. Boyd. 4th ed.

p. ; cm.

Includes bibliographical references and index.

ISBN 978-1-4377-0294-1 (hardcover : alk. paper)

I. Haines, Duane E. II. Ard, M. D. (March D.)

[DNLM: 1. Central Nervous Systemphysiology. 2. Neuroimagingmethods. 3. Neurons. WL 300]

612.822dc23 2012021273

Available translations: Japanese edition, 2009; Portuguese edition, 2006; Spanish edition, 2011.

Content Strategy Director: Madelene Hyde

Content Strategist: Meghan Ziegler

Senior Content Development Specialist: Andrew Hall

Publishing Services Manager: Patricia Tannian

Senior Project Manager: Claire Kramer

Design Direction: Steven Stave

MARCH D. ARD, PhD

Professor Emeritus, School of Medicine, The University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, Mississippi

JAMES R. BLOEDEL, MD, PhD

Professor (and Former Vice Provost for Research), The Department of Biomedical Sciences, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa

NORMAN F. CAPRA, PhD

Professor, Department of Neural and Pain Sciences, The University of Maryland School of Dentistry, Baltimore, Maryland

JAMES J. CORBETT, MD

Professor (and Former Chairman), Department of Neurology, Professor of Ophthalmology, The University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, Mississippi

J. DAVID DICKMAN, PhD

Professor, Department of Neuroscience, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas

TERRY M. DWYER, MD, PhD

Professor Emeritus, Department of Physiology and Biophysics and the Division of Sleep, Pulmonary, and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, The University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, Mississippi

OWEN B. EVANS, MD, PhD

Professor (and Former Chairman), Department of Pediatrics, Professor of Neurology, The University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, Mississippi

JONATHAN D. FRATKIN, MD

Professor, Department of Pathology (Neuropathology), The University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, Mississippi

DUANE E. HAINES, PhD

Professor Emeritus (and Former Chairman), Department of Neurobiology and Anatomical Sciences (formerly The Department of Anatomy), and Professor of Neurosurgery and Professor of Neurology, The University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, Mississippi

CRAIG K. HENKEL, PhD

Professor, Department of Neurobiology and Anatomy, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, North Carolina

JOHN A. LANCON, MD

Chief of Neurosurgery, St. DominicJackson Memorial Hospital and St. Dominic Neurosurgery Associates, The Regency Hospital of Jackson and The Mississippi Methodist Rehabilitation Hospital (Consultant), and The Department of Pediatrics (Affiliate Faculty), The University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, Mississippi