Lynn Wecker - Brody’s Human Pharmacology

Brodys Human Pharmacology

Molecular to Clinical

FIFTH EDITION

Lynn Wecker, PhD

Distinguished University Professor, Departments of Psychiatry & Behavioral Medicine and Molecular Pharmacology & Physiology

Director, Laboratory of Neuropsychopharmacology, University of South Florida College of Medicine, Tampa, Florida

With

Lynn M. Crespo, PhD

Professor, Department of Medical Education, Assistant Dean, Undergraduate Medical Education, University of Central Florida College of Medicine, Orlando, Florida

George Dunaway, PhD

Professor, Department of Pharmacology, Southern Illinois University School of Medicine, Springfield, Illinois

Carl Faingold, PhD

Professor and Chairman, Department of Pharmacology, Southern Illinois University School of Medicine, Springfield, Illinois

Stephanie Watts, PhD

Professor, Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan

Mosby Elsevier

Copyright

MOSBY

ELSEVIER

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Philadelphia, PA 19103-2899

Brody's Human Pharmacology: Molecular to Clinical, 5th Edition ISBN: 978-0-323-05374-7

Copyright 2010 by Mosby, Inc., an affiliate of Elsevier Inc.

.

Notice

Knowledge and best practice in this field are constantly changing. As new research and experience broaden our knowledge, changes in practice, treatment, and drug therapy may become necessary or appropriate. Readers are advised to check the most current information provided (i) on procedures featured or (ii) by the manufacturer of each product to be administered, to verify the recommended dose or formula, the method and duration of administration, and contraindications. It is the responsibility of the practitioner, relying on their own experience and knowledge of the patient, to make diagnoses, to determine dosages and the best treatment for each individual patient, and to take all appropriate safety precautions. To the fullest extent of the law, neither the Publisher nor the Editors assume any liability for any injury and/or damage to persons or property arising out of or related to any use of the material contained in this book.

The Publisher

Previous editions copyrighted 2005, 1998, 1994, 1991

Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data

Brody's human pharmacology : molecular to clinical / Lynn Wecker, with Lynn Crespo [et al.]. -- 5th ed.

p. ; cm.

Includes bibliographical references and index.

ISBN 978-0-323-05374-7 (alk. paper)

1. Pharmacology. 2. Chemotherapy. I. Wecker, Lynn. II. Crespo, Lynn. III. Brody, Theodore M. IV. Title: Human pharmacology.

[DNLM: 1. Pharmacology. 2. Drug Therapy. QV 4 B864 2010]

RM300.H86 2010

615.5'8--dc22 2008032999

Acquisitions Editor: Kate Dimock

Developmental Editor: Andrew Hall

Publishing Services Manager: Linda Van Pelt

Project Manager: Priscilla Crater

Design Direction: Gene Harris

Printed in Canada

Last digit is the print number: 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1

Dedication

This book is dedicated to Ted Brody and all the pharmacologists I have encountered throughout my career; to the 100th birthday of the American Society for Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics; and to my family, Jonathan Tigue and Sarah Rachel Wecker-Tigue.

Lynn Wecker

Acknowledgement

In memory of

Theodore M. Brody, PhD

(May 10, 1920 to June 11, 2008)

Professor and Chair Emeritus

Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Michigan State University

Editor of the first edition of Human Pharmacology: Molecular to Clinical

Contributors

SECTION EDITORS

Lynn M. Crespo, PhD, Professor, Department of Medical Education, Assistant Dean, Undergraduate Medical Education, University of Central Florida College of Medicine, Orlando, Florida

Carl Faingold, PhD, Professor and Chairman of Pharmacology, Southern Illinois University School of Medicine, Springfield, Illinois

George Dunaway, PhD, Professor of Pharmacology, Southern Illinois University School of Medicine, Springfield, Illinois

Stephanie Watts, PhD, Professor of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan

Lynn Wecker, PhD, Distinguished University Professor of Psychiatry & Behavioral Medicine and Molecular Pharmacology & Physiology, University of South Florida College of Medicine, Tampa, Florida

CONTRIBUTORS

Barrie Ashby, PhD, Professor of Pharmacology and Associate Dean for Graduate Studies, Temple University School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania

Rosemary R. Berardi, PhD, Professor of Pharmacy, University of Michigan College of Pharmacy, Ann Arbor, Michigan

Dale L. Birkle, PhD, Scientific Review Officer, National Center for Complementary and Alternative Medicine, National Institutes of Health, Department of Health and Human Services, Bethesda, Maryland

Henry M. Blumberg, MD, Professor of Medicine and Epidemiology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia

Steven L. Brody, MD, Associate Professor of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri

, Emeritus Professor and Chair of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan

David B. Bylund, PhD, Professor of Pharmacology, and Experimental Neuroscience, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska

Glenn Catalano, MD, Professor of Psychiatry and Behavioral Medicine, University of South Florida College of Medicine, Tampa, Florida

George P. Chrousos, MD, Professor and Chair of Pediatrics, Athens University Medical School, Athens, Greece

James B. Chung, MD, PhD, Executive Medical Director for Medical Sciences, Amgen, Inc., Thousand Oaks, California

Lynn M. Crespo, PhD, Professor of Medicine and Assistant Dean of, Undergraduate Medical Education, University of Central Florida College of Medicine, Orlando, Florida

Richard C. Dart, MD, PhD, Professor of Surgery, University of Colorado Health Sciences Center, Denver, Colorado

Richard A. Deitrich, PhD, Professor of Pharmacology, University of Colorado Health Sciences Center, Denver, Colorado

George Dunaway, PhD, Professor of Pharmacology, Southern Illinois University School of Medicine, Springfield, Illinois

Frederick J. Ehlert, PhD, Professor of Pharmacology, University of California College of Medicine, Irvine, California

William S. Evans, MD, Professor of Medicine and Obstetrics & Gynecology, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, Virginia

Carl Faingold, PhD, Professor and Chairman of Pharmacology, Southern Illinois University School of Medicine, Springfield, Illinois

William P. Fay, MD, Professor of Internal Medicine, Pharmacology, and Physiology, University of Missouri Medical School, Columbia, Missouri

Peter S. Fischbach, MD, Pediatric Cardiologist, Children's Healthcare of Atlanta Sibley Heart Center, Atlanta, Georgia

, Professor of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan

Michael K. Fritsch, MD, PhD, Associate Professor of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Wisconsin College of Medicine, Madison, Wisconsin

James C. Garrison, PhD, Professor of Pharmacology, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, Virginia

William T. Gerthoffer, PhD, Professor and Chair of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of South Alabama College of Medicine, Mobile, Alabama

Frank J. Gordon, PhD, Associate Professor of Pharmacology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia