American Warriors
Throughout the nations history, numerous men and women of all ranks and branches of the United States military have served their country with honor and distinction. During times of war and peace, there are individuals whose exemplary achievements embody the highest standards of the U.S. armed forces. The aim of the American Warriors series is to examine the unique historical contributions of these individuals, whose legacies serve as enduring examples for soldiers and citizens alike. The series will promote a deeper and more comprehensive understanding of the U.S. armed forces.
S ERIES EDITOR: Roger Cirillo
An AUSA Book
THE
9TH INFANTRY
DIVISION
IN VIETNAM
Unparalleled and Unequaled
Major General Ira A. Hunt Jr.,
USA (Ret.)
Copyright 2010 by The University Press of Kentucky
Scholarly publisher for the Commonwealth,
serving Bellarmine University, Berea College, Centre
College of Kentucky, Eastern Kentucky University,
The Filson Historical Society, Georgetown College,
Kentucky Historical Society, Kentucky State University,
Morehead State University, Murray State University,
Northern Kentucky University, Transylvania University,
University of Kentucky, University of Louisville,
and Western Kentucky University.
All rights reserved.
Editorial and Sales Offices: The University Press of Kentucky
663 South Limestone Street, Lexington, Kentucky 40508-4008
www.kentuckypress.com
14 13 12 11 10 5 4 3 2 1
Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data
Hunt, Ira Augustus, 1924
The 9th Infantry Division in Vietnam: unparalleled and unequaled /
Ira A. Hunt Jr.
p. cm. (American warriors)
Includes bibliographical references and index.
ISBN 978-0-8131-2647-0 (hardcover: alk. paper)
ISBN 978-0-8131-2648-7 (ebook)
1. Vietnam War, 19611975Regimental historiesUnited States. 2. United States. Army. Infantry Division, 9th. 3. Vietnam War, 19611975Campaigns. I. Title. II. Title: Ninth Infantry Division in Vietnam.
DS558.4.H85 2010
959.704342dc22
2010032803
This book is printed on acid-free recycled paper meeting
the requirements of the American National Standard
for Permanence in Paper for Printed Library Materials.
Manufactured in the United States of America.
To the valiant soldiers of the 9th Infantry Division in Vietnam
Maps and Figures
Maps
Figures
Tables
Abbreviations and Special Terms
AO | Area of Operations |
ARVN | Army of the Republic of Vietnam |
Bushmaster | A company or platoon-sized unit is inserted into an area and establishes a base of operations to interdict enemy LOCs from carefully selected ambush sites |
Checkerboard | A night operation in which several squad or platoon-sized patrols constantly maneuver from one area or terrain feature to another, seeking to contact the enemy |
Chieu Hoi | A GVN established program to entice Communists to rally to the government side |
COMUSMACV | Commander, U.S. Military Assistance Command, Vietnam |
COSVN | Central Office South Vietnam; this is the Communist headquarters controlling all operations in southern South Vietnam |
Corps tactical zone | The GVN established four military regions, each headed by a corps commander, and military operations within the MR were in the corps tactical zone |
DMZ | The Demarcation Zone, which separated South Vietnam from North Vietnam |
G-2 | The division-level intelligence officer |
G-3 | The division-level operations officer |
GVN | The Government of South Vietnam |
HES | Hamlet Evaluation Survey |
Hoi Chanh | A Communist who has defected to the GVN |
HUMINT | Intelligence obtained through human resources |
ICAP | A medical civic action program generally conducted in contested hamlets whose objective was to gather intelligence |
Jitterbug | A tactic employing assault helicopters to make multiple insertions and extractions of troops on selected targets until contact is established |
JGS | South Vietnamese Joint General Staff |
LOC | Line of communications |
LZ | Landing zone |
KHA | U.S. soldiers killed by hostile action |
KIA | Enemy killed in action |
MACV | Military Assistance Command, Vietnam |
MEDCAP | A humanitarian operation conducted by medical personnel to treat South Vietnamese villagers |
MR | Military region |
MRF | Mobile riverine force |
NCO | Noncommissioned officer |
NITECAP | An ICAP that stayed overnight in a contested area to bring security to the hamlet/village for psychological purposes |
Night Search | A night airborne operation utilizing a spotter aircraft carrying riflemen with night vision devices and a light-fire team to interdict enemy infiltration routes |
Night Raid | A daring night operation where combat troops are inserted by helicopter into an area to kill or capture Communist troops |
NVA | North Vietnamese Army |
OPCON | Operational control |
Paddy strength | The number of infantrymen in the field on combat operations |
PF | South Vietnamese popular forces |
PSDF | People Self Defense Force |
PZ | Pick-up zone |
RF | South Vietnamese regional forces |
RVNAF | Republic of Vietnam Armed Forces |
Search and pile-on | The positioning of friendly units around an engaged enemy force so as to cut off all escape routes thereby enabling massive friendly artillery, Air Force, and ground firepower to destroy the enemy |
Spooky | A U.S. or South Vietnamese Air Force C-47 flareship equipped with mini-guns and capable of providing one and a half hours of battlefield illumination |
TAOI | Tactical area of interest |
TAOR | Tactical area of responsibility |
Tiger Scout | Those Hoi Chanhs who completed the Chieu Hoi (Open Arms) Program and were hired by the 9th Division to work with our combat infantry units |
VC | Viet Cong |
VCI | Viet Cong Infrastructure personnel |
WHA | Wounded in Hostile Action |
Introduction
In the mid-1960s, the security of the Delta, the densely populated rich rice bowl of agrarian South Vietnam, was poor and getting worse. Viet Cong (VC) insurgents were severely disrupting the commerce and welfare of this vital region. The 9th Infantry Division, the only U.S. Army division activated and trained in the United States for active duty in South Vietnam, was specifically designated to operate from a base deep within the Communist-controlled Delta with the mission to improve the security of the area so that the Government of South Vietnams (GVN) pacification program could be successful. Upon its arrival in Vietnam in February 1967, the division from day one focused on finding and eliminating the oppressive enemy and on assisting the GVN in its pacification efforts.