CHAPTER TWO. Maltas Cradle
1. Springer. 2. Young, vol. 2. 3. Scherz, Gustav, 1969, Niels Stensens geological work, pp. 11-47 in Scherz (1969). 4. Steno, Nicolaus, 1660, Disputatio physica de thermis (A scientific disputation on the subject of hot springs); English translation of the Latin text by Alexander J. Pollock; pp. 49-63 in Scherz (1969). 5. Steno, 1669. A facsimile of the French text was published in Copenhagen by Arnold Busck in 1965. To this is appended an English translation by Alexander J. Pollock (with introduction by Gustav Scherz) and a German translation by Adolf Pilz. 6. Steno, 1667. 7. Adams, 112117. 8. Plinius, Book 37, p. 627. 9. Acts of the Apostles, Chapt. 28, verses 1-6. 10. Zammit-Maempel. 11. Hall and Hall, vol. 2, p. 121. Quoted with permission of the University of Wisconsin Press. 12. Hall and Hall, vol. 5, p. 90. Quoted with permission of the University of Wisconsin Press. 13. Garboe (1958). Quoted with permission of St. Martins Press.
CHAPTER THREE. Solids within Solids
1. Sketches of Stenos life are found in Winter, pp. 169187, and Scherz, 1969, pp. 1147. 2. For an English translation, with notes and commentary, see Winter, 1916. Both the Latin and English versions, also with notes and commentary, are given in Scherz, 1969, pp. 134234. 3. Winter, p. 210. 4. Winter, p. 230. 5. Winter, p. 230. 6. Winter, p. 230. 7. Winter, p. 272 and Pl. 9. 8. Winter, pp. 262270. 9. Winter, p. 271. 10. Scherz, 1960, p. 17. 11. Oldenburg, 1671. 12. Eyles, V. A., 1958, The influence of Nicolaus Steno on the development of geological science in Britain, pp. 167189 in Scherz, ed., 1958. 13. Scherz, Gustav, 1958, Nicolaus Stenos life and work, pp. 986 in Scherz, ed., 1958. 14. Bacon, 1857, vol. 3, p. 351. 15. Kuhn, p. 5. 16. Kuhn, pp. 5253. 17. Kuhn, pp. 7879. Quoted with permission of Thomas S. Kuhn and the University of Chicago Press. 1. Roy. Soc. London, Phil. Tr., vol. 2, 1667/8 , p. 628. 2. A contemporary account of Hookes life and works by Richard Waller was published as an introduction to The posthumous works of Robert Hooke, M. D. (1705). R. T. Gunther has reproduced Wallers text, with inserts of additional biographical materials by John Ward and John Aubrey, in pp. 168 of his Early Science in Oxford, vol. 6, pt. 1, 1930. Robinson and Adams include a biographical sketch in their introduction to Hookes diary of 16721680. Espinasses Robert Hooke is not a biography in the usual sense, but more an analysis of Hookes character and an appraisal of the scientific contributions of this brilliant, generous, unlucky man. 3. For an English translation of the Charter, see Sprat, 1667, pp. 134143. 4. This is the full title of the work cited in the References as Hooke, 1705. 5. Hooke, p. 200. 6. Hooke, p. 317. 7. Hooke, p. 291. 8. Hooke, p. 335. 9. Rossiter, 1935, pp. 179180. 10. For a modern geological interpretation of the Atlantis story, see Vitaliano, 1973, pp. 218251. 11. Hooke, p. 324. 12. Hooke, pp. 313314. 13. Hooke, p. 404. 14. Hooke, p. 4zz. 15. Hooke, pp. 338-343. 16. Hooke, p. 410. 17. Hooke, pp. 423424. 18. Hooke, pp. 427428. 19. Hooke, p. 435. 20. Hooke, p. 326. 21. Hooke, p. 348. 22. Hooke, pp. 426427. 23. Hooke, p. 435. 24. Waller, pp. xxvi-xxvii. 25. Robinson and Adams, 1935, pp. 463470. 26. Robinson and Adams, 1935; entries for April 7, May 18, 19, 25, and 31, 1675. 27. Robinson and Adams, 1935, pp. 205207. Quoted with permission of Taylor and Francis Ltd. 28. For references to Hooke in Pepys diary, see Pepys, 1946, vol. 2, p. not. 29. Pepys, 1920, vol. 4, p. 428. 30. Pepys, 1946, vol. 1, p. 1036. 31. Espinasse, 1956, pp. 141155.
CHAPTER FIVE. A Sacred Theory of the Earth
1. Telluris Theoria Sacra, published in London in 1681, consisted of two books. These were translated into English and issued under the title The Theory of the Earth: Containing an Account of the Original of the Earth, and of all the General Changes Which it hath already undergone, or is to undergo, Till the Consummation of all Things: The Two First Books Concerning The Deluge and Concerning Paradise (London, Walter Kettilby, 1684). The third and fourth books, Concerning the Burning of the World, and Concerning the New Heavens and New Earth , were issued by the same publisher in 1690. A 1691 edition of the first two books combined with the 1690 edition of the third and fourth was reprinted in 1965 by the Southern Illinois Press with an introduction by Basil Willey. Most page references to Sacred Theory cited below refer to the Southern Illinois reprint. 2. An extended account of Sacred Theory and the Burnet controversy is given in Nicolson, 1963, pp. 184270. 3. Burnet, 1965, p. 16. 4. Burnet, 1965, p. 34. 5. Burnet, 1965, p. 38. 6. Burnet, 1965, p. 45. 7. Burnet, 1965, pp. 5153. 8. Burnet, 1965, p. 57. 9. Burnet, 1684, pp. 6768. 10. Burnet, 1965, pp. 8288. 11. Burnet, 1965, p. 91. 12. Burnet, 1684, pp. 109110. 13. Burnet, 1965, p. 281. 14. Burnet, 1965, p. 91. 15. Warren, 1960, p. 143. A critical appreciation of Warrens writing is given by Nicolson, 1963, pp. 263269. 16. Sprat, p. 417. 17. King, pp. 121122. 18. Burnet, 1965, p. 218.
CHAPTER SIX. Telliameds Story
1. A translation by A. V. Carozzi of J. B. le Mascriers biographic sketch of de Maillet is given on pp. 407413 of de Maillet, 1968. Almost all the materials in this chapter are based on the Carozzi edition of Telliamed. 2. Carozzi gives a detailed account of Cartesian cosmogony in de Maillet, 1968, pp. 3234. 3. Carozzi, in de Maillet, 1968, p. 34. 4. de Maillet, 1968, pp. 183189. 5. de Maillet, 1968, pp. 191200. 6. de Maillet, 1968, pp. 126130. 7. de Maillet, 1968, pp. 130132. 8. de Maillet, 1968, pp. 122123. 9. de Maillet, 1968, pp. 9293. 10. de Maillet, 1968, p. 181. 11. Carozzi, in de Maillet, 1968, pp. 510. 12. Carozzi, in de Maillet, 1968, pp. 1526. 13. Carozzi, in de Maillet, 1968, pp. 2730. 14. Carozzi, in de Maillet, 1968, pp. 3, 50. 15. Adams, 1938, pp. 209276. 16. de Maillet,, 1968, pp. 160162. 17. de Maillet, 1968, pp. 9697. 18. Carozzi, in de Maillet, 1968, p. 4.
CHAPTER SEVEN. The Epochs of Nature
1. A chronology for publication of the successive volumes of Natural History is given on pp. 1113 of Fellows and Milliken, 1972. 2. Fellows and Milliken, 1972, p. 41. 3. Fellows and Milliken, 1972, pp. 47, 51-54-4. Fellows and Milliken, 1972, p. 48. 5. The following account of Buffons cosmology, geology, biology, and method of investigation derives from Jacques Rogers excellent critical commentary, pp. xliii-xciv in Buffon, 1962. 6. Roger (in Buffon, 1962) pp. lx-lxv. 7. Roger (in Buffon, 1962) p. lxv. 8. Fellows and Milliken, 1972, p. 16. 9. Roger (in Buffon, 1962) p. lxxxviii. 10. Fellows and Milliken, 1972, p. 56. 11. Roger (in Buffon, 1962) pp. lxxxvii-lxxxviii. 12. Fellows and Milliken, 1972, p. 23. 13. Buffon, 1962, pp. 1924. 14. Fellows and Milliken, pp. 8283. 15. Quoted by Roger (in Buffon, 1972) p. xxvii.
CHAPTER EIGHT. View from the Brink
1. Playfair, 1805, pp. 4041. 2. Playfair, 1805, pp. 4344. 3. Playfair, 1805, p. 44. 4. Playfair, 1805, p. 45. 5. Playfair, 1805, p. 51. 6. Playfair, 1805, p. 51. 7. Page references to the essay refer to its reproduction as Chapter I in Hutton, 1795. 8. Hutton, 1795, vol. 1, p. 17. 9. Hutton, 1795, vol. 1, pp. 4249. 10. Hutton, 1795, vol. 1, pp. 5359. 11. Hutton, 1795, vol. 1, p. 118. 12. Hutton, 1795, vol. 1, p. 146. 13. Hutton, 1795, vot. 1, p. 200. 14. Hutton, 1795, vol. 1, p. 271. 15. Hutton, 1795, vol. 1, pp. 271272. 16. Hutton, 1795, vol. 1, p. 127. 17. Bailey, 1967, p. 65. 18. Bailey, 1967, pp. 6467; 6973. 19. Hutton, 1795, vol. 1, pp. 222223. 20. Playfair, 1805, p. 93. 21. Playfair, 1805, p. 98. 22. Playfair, 1805, p. 91. 23. Playfair, 1805, pp. 6869. 24. Hutton, 1795, vol. 2, pp. 222223. 25. Hutton, 1795, vol. 2, p. 236. 26. Hutton, 1795, vol. 1, p. 374. 27. Hutton, 1795, vol. 1, p. 273. 28. Hutton, 1795, vol. 1, p. 297. 29. Hutton, 1795, vol. 2, p. 562. See also Tomkeieff, 1949, pp. 396-397; and Mclntyre, 1963. 30. Hutton, 1795, vol. 2, p. 239. 31. Hutton, 1795, vol. 1, pp. 454465. 32. Playfair, 1805, pp. 7172. 33. For a perceptive analysis of Huttons philosophy see ORourke, 1978.