Mary Jane Smith - Encyclopedia of nursing education

Mary Jane Smith, PhD, RN, earned bachelors and masters degrees from the University of Pittsburgh and a doctorate from New York University. She has held faculty positions at the following nursing schools: University of Pittsburgh, Duquesne University, Cornell University-New York Hospital, and the Ohio State University; and she is currently professor of nursing at West Virginia University School of Nursing. She has been teaching theory to nursing students at the masters and doctoral levels for over three decades.

Roger D. Carpenter, PhD, RN, CNE, earned a bachelors degree from Kent State University, a masters degree from Case Western Reserve University, and a doctorate from West Virginia University. He has held staff development positions at University Hospitals of Cleveland, and faculty positions at Wheeling Jesuit University and at West Virginia University School of Nursing. He is currently assistant professor and teaches courses in adult health and leadership at the undergraduate and graduate levels.

Joyce J. Fitzpatrick, PhD, MBA, RN, FAAN, is Elizabeth Brooks Ford Professor of Nursing, Frances Payne Bolton School of Nursing, Case Western Reserve University where she was dean for 15 years. She has been involved in nursing education for over four decades, teaching nursing at the undergraduate, masters, and doctoral levels, and developing a range of innovative nursing education programs. She has published several books with Springer Publishing Company, including three editions of the Encyclopedia of Nursing Research.

Mary Jane Smith, PhD, RN

Roger D. Carpenter, PhD, RN, CNE

Joyce J. Fitzpatrick, PhD, MBA, RN, FAAN

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ISBN: 978-0-8261-2031-1

e-book ISBN: 978-0-8261-2032-8

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Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data

Encyclopedia of nursing education / [edited by] Mary Jane Smith, Roger Carpenter, Joyce Fitzpatrick.

p. ; cm.

Includes bibliographical references and index.

ISBN 978-0-8261-2031-1 ISBN 978-0-8261-2032-8

I. Smith, Mary Jane, editor. II. Carpenter, Roger (Roger D.), editor. III. Fitzpatrick, Joyce J., editor.

[DNLM: 1. Education, NursingEncyclopediasEnglish. WY 13]

RT21

610.7303dc23

2014044297

Printed in the United States of America by Bradford & Bigelow.

To Ursula Springer, president of Springer Publishing Company from 1970 to 2004, for her unfailing support of nursing education, research, and professional practice. And for her continued investment in new and experienced nurse authors.

Dr. Springer has left a legacy for nurse educators throughout the world, in her commitment to advancing the profession through dissemination of the best work available, and for her risk-taking and cutting-edge ideas about what nursing could be and what nurses might provide to their patients and communities.

Dr. Springer was the exemplary educator, striving for excellence, and pushing the boundaries open for nurses, nurse scientists, and especially nurse educators.

With gratitude

The growing demand for well-prepared nurse educators was a key factor in our decision to launch this first edition of the Encyclopedia of Nursing Education. Furthermore, we were aware of the success of the Encyclopedia of Nursing Research (now in its third edition) and the use of encyclopedias in other academic disciplines. We believe that this compilation of the key content will provide a valuable reference and source of important information for nurse educators. To prepare this work, we reviewed all six volumes of the Annual Review of Nursing Education (ARNE; published by Springer, 20032008) and the three most recent years of the two leading nursing education journals: Journal of Nursing Education JNE and Nursing Education Perspectives NEP. These reviews were used to compile a list of topics and potential authors. Then, colleague recommendations were solicited for additional topics and potential authors.

The book will be most useful to new nurse educators and to students in graduate programs in nursing education, either at the masters or doctoral level. In addition, the encyclopedia will serve as a resource for all levels of faculty in schools of nursing. For each entry, the reader will have a beginning introduction to a topic along with both the most recent and the classic references relevant to nursing education. The alphabetical ordering of entries offers the reader ease in locating a topic. For consistency and comparison, each topic is organized using the following headings: Definition, Application, Synopsis, and Recommendations. This consistent format for all entries gives the reader focused information on the topic and facilitates understandings across topics, particularly when there are related topics in large content areas such as simulation and mentoring.