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Carol Brooks Gardner - Passing By: Gender and Public Harassment

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Catcalls, wolf whistles, verbal slurs, pinches, stalking--virtually every woman has experienced some form of unwanted public attention by men. Off the street, in semi-public places such as restaurants and department stores, women often suffer the insult of being passed over by employees eager to serve men. How pervasive is this behavior? How dangerous can it be? What, if anything, should be done about it?Passing By, an illuminating, unsettling work, explores the important yet little-examined issue of gender-related public harassment. Based on extensive research--including in-depth interviews with nearly five-hundred midwestern women and men--it documents the many types of indignity visited on women in public places. As Carol Brooks Gardner demonstrates, these indignities cross all lines of age, class, and ethnicity and follow a typical pattern whereby a man or men take advantage of a womans momentary or permanent vulnerability. Beyond describing the scope and variety of harassing behaviors, the book investigates the different ways women and men respond to and interpret them.Gardner concludes, provocatively, that gender-based public harassment exerts a powerful control over womens feelings of comfort in the towns and communities where they live and work. Further, she defines it as a new category of social problem that shares much in common with sexual harassment and, in its more menacing form, requires legal remedy.

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title Passing By Gender and Public Harassment author Gardner - photo 1

title:Passing By : Gender and Public Harassment
author:Gardner, Carol Brooks.
publisher:University of California Press
isbn10 | asin:0520202155
print isbn13:9780520202153
ebook isbn13:9780585286013
language:English
subjectSexual harassment of women--Indiana--Indianapolis, Invective--Indiana--Indianapolis, Etiquette--Indiana--Indianapolis, Women--Crimes against--Indiana--Indianapolis.
publication date:1995
lcc:HQ1237.5.U6G37 1995eb
ddc:305.42
subject:Sexual harassment of women--Indiana--Indianapolis, Invective--Indiana--Indianapolis, Etiquette--Indiana--Indianapolis, Women--Crimes against--Indiana--Indianapolis.
Page iii
Passing by
Gender and Public Harassment
Carol Brooks Gardner
Page iv University of California Press Berkeley and Los Angeles California - photo 2
Page iv
University of California Press
Berkeley and Los Angeles, California
University of California Press, Ltd.
London, England
Copyright 1995 by
The Regents of the University of California
Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data
Gardner, Carol Brooks.
Passing by: gender public harassment/Carol Brooks Gardner.
p. cm.
Includes bibliographical references (p. 241) and index.
ISBN 0-520-20215-5 (pbk; alk. paper)
1. Sexual harassment of womenIndianaIndianapolis.
2. InvectiveIndianaIndianapolis. 3. EtiquetteIndiana
Indianapolis. 4. WomenCrimes againstIndianaIndianapolis.
I. Title.
HQ1237.5U6G37 1995
305.42dc20 95-3208
CIP
2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9
The paper used in this publication meets the minimum requirements of American National Standard for Information SciencesPermanence of Paper for Printed Library Materials, ANSI Z39.48-1984.
Page v
To Abby and Bill
To my mother and my father
Page vi
Picture 3
Where women walk in public processions in the streets the
same as the men,
Where they enter the public assembly and take places the
same as the men;
Where the city of the faithfullest friends stands,
Where the city of the cleanliness of the sexes stands,
Where the city of the healthiest fathers stands,
Where the city of the best-bodied mothers stands,
There the great city stands.
Walt Whitman, Song of the Broad Axe
Page vii
Contents
Preface
ix
Acknowledgments
xi
1. Introduction: Women and Public Places
1
2. Contexts
43
3. Participants
89
4. Behavior
120
5. Interpretations
158
6. Strategies
199

Page viii
7. Conclusion
226
References
241
Index
253

Page ix
Preface
Because our society's sensitivity to public harassment is only beginning, I envision this book as of importance to women and men equally. Because I know that other social groups besides women are targets of public harassment, I intend this book for the general reader. I know, however, that I sometimes use methods and terms with which some readers may be unfamiliar. I have explained these as well as need be, I think. What may be less apparent is the validity and reliability of my sampling approach, that of ethnography, the intensive study of some aspects of a culture. Many anthropologists have written more faithfully and certainly more extensively than I on ethnography as a method. What the general, even the academic, reader needs to recall is that an ethnography concentrates on process and on characterization, not on sophisticated statistics that seem to tell us much but can be pseudo-scientific mystification. Ethnography can also elucidate the out-of-awareness "achievement" of social categories, and this understanding of what we ordinarily accept as seamless and "individualistic" expression asfor the momentself-conscious attainment is inherent in my approach.
So, although my sample is a sizable one, I often speak here in "quasi-numericals" like frequently or most individuals. As should also be clear
Page x
from a careful reading, however, I have recorded quite detailed numbers, which are available for any interested reader, as is my open-ended interview schedule.
Another point: I often write as if I alone have discovered public harassment. It is true that I have named it. Many colleagues have written about the phenomenon of marked incivility in the street and about streets and public places as sites for more brutal behavior. I am grateful, then, to such authors as Bell (1993), Blauner (1989), Feagin (1991), Feagin and Feagin (1978), and Stanko (1985, 1990). Thus, many academics realize the ramifications of ordinary, taken-for-granted civility. The cost of its loss tells us its importance and the power of its abrogation. Women have not yet had their Stonewalls, but some day they may.
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