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John A. Flannery - Eco-landscape design

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John A. Flannery Eco-landscape design

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The ability to adapt to a changing environment has ensured the continued survival of the human race into the 21st century. The challenges to be faced in this century are now well documented by the United Nations Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change. The effects of drought, melting polar ice and increased incidences of extreme weather events will impact on the diverse landscapes of the earth and a human population predicted to be 9 billion by the middle of the 21st century, a three-fold increase in less than one hundred years.

This book provides a valuable insight into landscaping activity worldwide by those tasked with housing, feeding and nurturing all species that share the planet. Research for this publication reveals the growth of non-anthropized design philosophies, acknowledging that humanity cannot be indefinitely sustained if animal, bird and plant life are excluded. The precious resources of water and the air that we breathe are no longer taken for granted; rivers flowing through the worlds mega-cities are now being cleaned, restored and given pride of place in the landscapes they flow through. Conservation projects provide evidence that even fragile island and desert landscapes can be protected from the negative impacts of population. Eco-Landscape Design demonstrates that an intelligent and thoughtful approach to landscape design can not only ensure survival, it can reap compound benefits and rewards far in excess of those originally envisaged.

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John A. Flannery and Karen M. Smith Eco-Landscape Design 10.1007/978-3-319-07206-7_1
Springer Science+Business Media Dordrecht 2015
Introduction
John A. Flannery 1
(1)
Boston Spa Media, Boston Spa, Leeds, UK
John A. Flannery (Corresponding author)
URL: http://www.bostonspamedia.com
Karen M. Smith
URL: http://www.bostonspamedia.com
Ecology: The study of organisms in relation to one another and to their surroundings.
Landscape: The features of a land area as seen in broad view.
Design: A preliminary outline or drawing for something that is to be made; the art of producing these.
On March 31st, 2014, the United Nations report entitled Climate Change 2014, Impacts Adaptation and Vulnerability was published by the Working Group II of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC). The panel, meeting in Yokohama, Japan, held a press conference at which Chairperson, Rajendra K. Pachauri, issued his strongest warnings to date, stating that climate change caused by human activity is likely to be severe, pervasive and irreversible.
The report predicts that a general increase in land and sea temperatures over the course of the 21st century; will cause some polar ice to melt, with consequential rises in sea levels. When combined with predicted increases in the incidence of extreme weather events, such as hurricanes, typhoons and prolonged storms, the IPCC warns of the potential severe impact on communities choosing to live in proximity to coastal regions and watercourses. The report also details the effects of severe drought on the worlds ability to produce food and the impact of this on the poorest people in the world.
The IPCC again urges all member countries to reduce the prolonged dependence on fossil fuels (the combustion of carbon) as a vital strategy to preserve the diminishing ozone layer of the earths atmosphere; which protects the earth from the heat of the sun.
For the first time, this U.N. report also contained a note of optimism by acknowledging mankinds innate ability to adapt to changes in climate, natural or man-made and that the only constant factor affecting life on earth is change.
The ingenuity employed in adapting to change informs the content of Eco-Landscape Design and the previous titles in the Eco-series. By consulting with architects and designers in diverse geographical locations, we are able to demonstrate best practice in coping with the climatic conditions endured in various parts of the globe. The dissemination of this information will inform policy makers and future design practitioners as conditions and weather events shift from one region to another.
Climate is not the only significant catalyst for change. The worlds population is predicted to increase to 9 billion by the middle of the 21st century, this would represent a threefold increase since 1960. Professor Hans Rosling, lecturing on the subject of global health in September 2012 discusses the paradox that, only by raising the living standards of the poorest, and increasing child survival rates, can population growth be checked.
The realised projects featured in Eco-Landscape Design focus on raising the living standards of all socioeconomic groups, varying in location from the mega-cities of the world to remote, isolated communities.
Public Open Space : innovations in this area of landscaping demonstrate how a thoughtfully designed public realm can make cities more habitable.
Dwellings and Workplace : discusses designs for coping with human population growth in mega-cities and the strategies required to promote and maintain biodiversity.
Shores, Rivers and Islands : features site specific solutions for living in close proximity to the life sustaining, fragile element of water.
Conservation and Education : projects attempt to inform people how to protect fragile landscapes and resources by living in harmony with nature.
John A. Flannery
Fig 1 John A Flannery and Karen M Smith Eco-Landscape Design - photo 1
Fig. 1
John A. Flannery and Karen M. Smith Eco-Landscape Design 10.1007/978-3-319-07206-7_2
Springer Science+Business Media Dordrecht 2015
Grand Park
John A. Flannery 1
(1)
Boston Spa Media, Boston Spa, Leeds, UK
John A. Flannery (Corresponding author)
URL: http://www.bostonspamedia.com
Karen M. Smith
URL: http://www.bostonspamedia.com
Los Angeles, USA
2012
RIOS CLEMENTI HALE STUDIOS
www.RCHSTUDIOS.com
E Pluribus Unum can be translated as many uniting as one. The motto is as appropriate now as it was when first suggested by the committee that Congress appointed to design the Great Seal for the United States of America on July 4th, 1776. When Rios Clementi Hale Studios (RCHS) was commissioned by the County of Los Angeles to transform a neglected 12 acre open downtown space into a landmark urban park, the Grand Avenue Committee may well have had the motto in mind. The clients brief was to provide a unifying place that would appeal to the regions diverse communities as well as visitors from around the world.
The previously underused open space was originally designed in 1966 and featured the Arthur J. Will Memorial Fountain which is restored and rejuvenated in the vibrant new layout (Figs. ). Arthur J. Will was the Chief Administrative Officer for the County of Los Angeles in the 1950s and a civil engineering graduate of the University of Southern California.
To create the Park for Everyone, the designers and engineers had to contend with a 90 feet grade change along four city blocks. Consequently, a great deal of submerged infrastructure work was required to mitigate level changes and provide uninterrupted access for visitors of all levels of physical capability. However, the new Grand Park maintains the original alignment from Grand Avenue on the Western border running downhill to Spring Street on the Eastern boundary providing views of the iconic Los Angeles City Hall (Fig. ).
Grand Parks pedestrian accessibility from Grand Avenue has been dramatically improved by the construction of the new terraced entrance. The entry totem designed by Suzzman / Prezja and Co. welcomes visitors in the 25 languages that are used on the Los Angeles County voter registration forms (Fig. ).
Fig 1 Fig 2 - photo 2
Fig. 1
Fig 2 - photo 3
Fig. 2
Fig 3 - photo 4Fig 3 - photo 5Fig 3 RCHS entered into a lengthy planning consultation which included - photo 6
Fig. 3
RCHS entered into a lengthy planning consultation which included workshops with - photo 7RCHS entered into a lengthy planning consultation which included workshops with - photo 8
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