José Biller - Practical Neurology

PRACTICAL NEUROLOGY

FIFTH EDITION

Acquisitions Editor: Kel McGowan

Product Development Editor: Andrea Vosburgh

Marketing Manager: Rachel Mante Leung

Senior Production Project Manager: Alicia Jackson

Design Coordinator: Elaine Kasmer

Manufacturing Coordinator: Beth Welsh

Prepress Vendor: S4Carlisle Publishing Services

5th edition

Copyright 2017 Wolters Kluwer.

2012 by LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS, a WOLTERS KLUWER business

2009, 2002 by LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS

1997 by LIPPINCOTT-RAVEN

All rights reserved. This book is protected by copyright. No part of this book may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means, including as photocopies or scanned-in or other electronic copies, or utilized by any information storage and retrieval system without written permission from the copyright owner, except for brief quotations embodied in critical articles and reviews. Materials appearing in this book prepared by individuals as part of their official duties as US government employees are not covered by the above-mentioned copyright. To request permission, please contact Wolters Kluwer at Two Commerce Square, 2001 Market Street, Philadelphia, PA 19103, via email at (products and services).

9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1

Printed in China

Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data

Names: Biller, Jos.

Title: Practical neurology / [edited by] Jos Biller, MD, FACP, FAAN, FAHA, professor and chairman, Department of Neurology, Loyola University Chicago, Stritch School of Medicine, Maywood, Illinois. Fifth edition.

Description: Fifth edition. | Philadelphia: Wolters Kluwer Heath, [2017] | Includes index.

Identifiers: LCCN 2016044459 | eISBN 9781496376657

Subjects: LCSH: Neurology.

Classification: LCC RC346.P685 2017 | DDC 616.8dc23 LC record available at https://lccn.loc.gov/2016044459

This work is provided as is, and the publisher disclaims any and all warranties, express or implied, including any warranties as to accuracy, comprehensiveness, or currency of the content of this work.

This work is no substitute for individual patient assessment based upon healthcare professionals examination of each patient and consideration of, among other things, age, weight, gender, current or prior medical conditions, medication history, laboratory data, and other factors unique to the patient. The publisher does not provide medical advice or guidance and this work is merely a reference tool. Healthcare professionals, and not the publisher, are solely responsible for the use of this work including all medical judgments and for any resulting diagnoses and treatments.

Given continuous, rapid advances in medical science and health information, independent professional verification of medical diagnoses, indications, appropriate pharmaceutical selections and dosages, and treatment options should be made and healthcare professionals should consult a variety of sources. When prescribing medication, healthcare professionals are advised to consult the product information sheet (the manufacturers package insert) accompanying each drug to verify, among other things, conditions of use, warnings, and side effects and identify any changes in dosage schedule or contraindications, particularly if the medication to be administered is new, infrequently used, or has a narrow therapeutic range. To the maximum extent permitted under applicable law, no responsibility is assumed by the publisher for any injury and/or damage to persons or property, as a matter of products liability, negligence law or otherwise, or from any reference to or use by any person of this work.

LWW.com

This book is dedicated in memory of my parents Elena and Osas, and to my wife Rhonda, my children Sofa, Rebecca, Gabriel and Monique, my stepchildren Adam, Emily and Jon, and my grandchildren Selim, Ira, and Oz.

Harold P. Adams, Jr., MD

Director

Department of Neurology

Comprehensive Stroke Center of Iowa Hospitals and Clinics

University of Iowa Hospitals and Clinics

Iowa City, Iowa

Joseph G. Akar, MD, PhD

Associate Professor of Medicine

Department of Medicine, Section of Cardiovascular Medicine

Yale University School of Medicine

New Haven, Connecticut

Sara Anderson-Kim, MS, RN, FNP-C, APN

Department of OtolaryngologyHead and Neck Surgery

Loyola University Medical Center

Maywood, Illinois

Alon Y. Avidan, MD, MPH

Professor of Neurology

Director

UCLA Sleep Disorders Center

UCLA Neurology Clinic

David Geffen School of Medicine

University of California Los Angeles

Los Angeles, California

Maria Baldwin, MD

Assistant Professor

Department of Neurology

VA Pittsburgh Healthcare System

University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine

Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania

Xabier Beristain, MD

Associate Professor of Neurology

Stritch School of Medicine

Loyola University Medical Center

Maywood, Illinois

Jos Biller, MD, FACP, FAAN, FANA, FAHA

Professor and Chairman

Department of Neurology

Loyola University Chicago

Stritch School of Medicine

Maywood, Illinois

Valrie Biousse, MD

Cyrus H. Stoner Professor of Ophthalmology

Professor of Ophthalmology and Neurology

Emory University School of Medicine

Atlanta, Georgia

Cynthia L. Bodkin, MD

Associate Professor in Clinical Neurology

Associate Professor in Physical Medical Rehabilitation

Indiana University School of Medicine

Indianapolis, Indiana

Troy Buck, MD

Assistant Professor of Anesthesiology

Department of Anesthesiology

Loyola University Chicago

Loyola University Medical Center

Maywood, Illinois

Marcello Cherchi, MD, PhD

Assistant Professor

Department of Neurology

Northwestern Feinberg School of Medicine

Chicago, Illinois

Melissa G. Chung, MD

Clinical Assistant Professor of Medicine

Division of Critical Care and Neurology

Department of Pediatrics

Nationwide Childrens Hospital

The Ohio State University

Columbus, Ohio

Natalie L. Denburg, PhD

Associate Professor of Neurology and Neurosciences

Department of Neurology

University of Iowa Carver College of Medicine

Iowa City, Iowa

Kathleen B. Digre, MD

Professor of Neurology and Ophthalmology

Adjunct Professor of Obstetrics and Gynecology

University of Utah

Salt Lake City, Utah

Edward J. Dropcho, MD

Professor

Department of Neurology

Indiana University Medical Center

Indianapolis, Indiana

Andrew P. Duker, MD

Associate Professor of Neurology

Department of Neurology

James J. and Joan A. Gardner Family Center for Parkinsons Disease and Movement Disorders

University of Cincinnati

Cincinnati, Ohio

David W. Dunn, MD

Professor of Psychiatry and Neurology

Indiana University School of Medicine

Indianapolis, Indiana

Mark E. Dyken, MD, FAHA, FAASM, FANA

Professor of Neurology

Director

Sleep Disorders Center and Sleep Medicine and Clinical Neurophysiology Fellowship Programs

Department of Neurology

University of Iowa Carver College of Medicine

Iowa City, Iowa

Nilfer Ertekin-Taner, MD, PhD

Associate Professor of Neurology

Associate Professor of Neuroscience

Departments of Neurology and Neuroscience

Mayo Clinic

Jacksonville, Florida

Alberto J. Espay, MD, MSc, FAAN