Howie Hawkins - From The Bottom Up: The Case For An Independent Left Party

Bibliography:

Howie Hawkins, Bernie Sanders Is No Eugene Debs, Socialist Worker , May 26, 2015, https://socialistworker.org/2015/05/26/b .

Bruce A. Dixon, Presidential Candidate Bernie Sanders: Sheepdogging for Hillary and the Democrats in 2016, Black Agenda Report , May 6, 2016, https://www.blackagendareport.com/bernie .

Seth Ackerman, Blueprint for a New Party, Jacobin , November 8, 2016, https://www.jacobinmag.com/2016/11/berni .

Howie Hawkins, Safe States, Inside-Outside, and Other Liberal Illusions, CounterPunch , May 10, 2016, http://www.counterpunch.org/2016/05/10/s Howie Hawkins, An Inside/Outside Strategy or Independent Politics, New Politics (Summer 1989), No. 7, Vol II.

Ashley Smith, Vermonts Cautionary Tale, Jacobin , August 24, 2016, https://www.jacobinmag.com/2016/08/vermont-progressives-vpp-sanders-democrats-independent/ .

Kim Moody, From Realignment to Reinforcement, Jacobin , January 26, 2017, https://www.jacobinmag.com/2017/01/democ .

Our Revolutions website has a Transform the Party section, which explains, We are transforming the Democratic Party from the ground up. Precinct by precinct, and county by county, all across the country (and the world!), progressives have stepped up to run for positions of leadership in their Democratic Partyand those have added up to hyooooge wins in creating a people-powered party, http://transformtheparty.com/ .

Chris Maisano, Isnt America Already Kind of Socialist? Jacobin , January 1, 2016, https://www.jacobinmag.com/2016/01/democratic-socialism-government-bernie-sanders-primary-president/ .

The outline that follows here of the historical obstacles to consolidating a working-class party in US politics draws on the detailed examinations of this issue in John McDermott, The Crisis of the Working Class and Some Arguments for a New Labor Movement (Boston: South End Press, 1980) and Mike Davis, Prisoners of the American Dream: Politics and Economy in the History of the US Working Class (London: Verso, 1986).

Stanley Aronowitz introduced this useful distinction between the ideological left of socialists, communists, and anarchists and the popular left of labor, farmer, consumer, civil rights, peace, and environmental movements in Remaking the American Left, Part One: Currents in American Radicalism, Socialist Review , 63, JanuaryFebruary 1983.

See Eric Thomas Chester, Socialists and the Ballot Box: A Historical Analysis (New York: Praeger, 1985).

Moody, From Realignment to Reinforcement.

Alan Ware, The American Direct Primary: Party Institutionalization and Transformation in the North (New York: Cambridge University Press, 2002).

Maurice Duverger, Political Parties: Their Organization and Activities in the Modern State (New York: Wiley, 1966).

Dietrich Rueschemeyer, Evelyne Huber Stephens, and John D. Stephens, Capitalist Development and Democracy (Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1992); Geoff Eley, Forging Democracy, The History of the Left in Europe, 18502000 (New York: Oxford University Press, 2002).

Arthur Lipow, Political Parties and Democracy (London: Pluto Press, 1996), 22.

Lipow, Political Parties and Democracy , 17.

Report of the Joint Legislative Committee Investigating Seditious Activities, Revolutionary Radicalism: Its History, Purpose, and Tactics with an Exposition and Discussion of the Steps Being Taken and Required to Curb It (Albany: New York State Senate, April 24, 1920), 510. This 4,428-page document covers socialist, communist, anarchist, and syndicalist movements around the world in the wake of the Russian Revolution. The section on the Socialist Party of America beginning on page 510 provides much detail on the partys structure, rules, and policies. The document is online at https://books.google.com/books?id=CujYAAAAMAAJ&pg=PA3&lpg=PA3&dq=nys+assembly+judiciary+committeehttps://books.google.com/books?id=CujYAAAAMAAJ&pg=PA3&lpg=PA3&dq=nys+assembly+judiciary+committee .

For my take as a participant in the Green Party debates over structure, see Howie Hawkins, ed., Independent Politics: The Green Party Strategy Debate (Chicago: Haymarket Books, 2006), 2425.

Michael Zweig, The Working Class Majority: Americas Best Kept Secret , 2nd ed. (Ithaca, NY: Cornel University Press, 2012), 30.

John McDermott, Corporate Society: Class, Property, and Contemporary Capitalism (Boulder, CO: Westview Press, 1991), 135; Stephen J. Rose, Trump and the Revolt of the White Middle Class, Washington Monthly , January 18, 2017, http://washingtonmonthly.com/2017/01/18/ .

Frances Fox Piven and Richard A. Cloward, Why Americans Dont Vote (New York: Pantheon Books, 1988).

Zweig, Working-Class Majority , 31.

This discussion of four segments of the American working class draws on McDermotts Crisis of the Working Class and Corporate Society .

Zweig, The Working Class Majority , 33.

Prison Policy Project, Mass Incarceration: The Whole Pie 2017, March 14, 2017, https://www.prisonpolicy.org/reports/pie .

Gary Orfield et al., Brown at 60: Great Progress, a Long Retreat and an Uncertain Future UCLA Civil Rights Project , May 15, 2014, http://civilrightsproject.ucla.edu/research/k-12-education/integration-and-diversity/brown-at-60-great-progress-a-long-retreat-and-an-uncertain-future/ .

Richard Rothstein, Racial Segregation Continues, and Even Intensifies , Economic Policy Institute, February 3, 2012, http://www.epi.org/publication/racial-segregation-continues-intensifies/ .

Robert L. Allen, Reluctant Reformers: Racism and Social Reform Movements in the United States (Washington DC: Howard University Press, 1983).

Kim Moody, An Injury to All: The Decline of American Unionism (Chicago: Haymarket Books, 1988), 5865.

Kim Moody, US Labor in Trouble and Transition: The Failure of Reform from Above, the Promise of Revival from Below (London: Verso, 2007).

Arun Gupta, Fight for 15 Confidential, In These Times , November 11, 2013, http://inthesetimes.com/article/15826/fight_for_15_confidentialhttp://inthesetimes.com/article/15826/fight_for_15_confidential .

Lani Guinier, No Two Seats: The Elusive Quest for Political Equality, Virginia Law Review 77 (November 8, 1991): 1413.

Frederick Engels to Friedrich Adolph Sorge, November 29, 1886, in Karl Marx, Frederick Engels: Collected Works, Volume 47 (New York: International Publishers, 1995), 532.

Freedom School Curriculum Website, http://www.educationanddemocracy.org/ED_FSC.htmlhttp://www.educationanddemocracy.org/ED_FSC.html .

Clayborne Carson, In Struggle: SNCC and the Black Awakening of the 1960s (Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press, 1995), 172.

Eric Leif Davin, Radicals in Power: The New Left Experience in Office (New York: Lexington Books, 2012).

Gar Alperovitz, A Checkerboard Strategy for Regaining the Progressive Initiative, Truthout , December 20, 2012, http://truth-out.org/opinion/item/13592- .

Pew Research Center, A Deep Dive into Party Affiliation, April 7, 2015, http://www.people-press.org/2015/04/07/a-deep-dive-into-party-affiliation/ .

Jeffrey M. Jones, In U.S., Perceived Need for Third Party Reaches New High, Gallup Politics, October 11, 2013, http://www.gallup.com/poll/165392/perceived-need-third-party-reaches-new-high.aspx .

Benjamin I. Page, Larry M. Bartels, and Jason Seawright, Democracy and the Policy Preferences of Wealth Americans, Perspectives in Politics 11 (March 1, 2013).

Konstantin Kilibarda and Daria Roithmayr, The Myth of the Rust Belt Revolt: Donald Trump Didnt Flip Working-Class White Voters; Hillary Clinton Lost Them, Slate , December 1, 2016, http://www.slate.com/articles/news_and_p Kim Moody, Who Put Trump in the White House? Against the Current , JanuaryFebruary 2017, https://www.solidarity-us.org/site/node/ Mike Davis, The Great God Trump and the White Working Class, Jacobin , February 2017, https://www.jacobinmag.com/2017/02/the-g Charlie Post, The Roots of Trumpism, Left Voice , December 16, 2016, http://www.leftvoice.org/The-Roots-of-Tr Jesse A. Myerson, Trumpism: Its Coming from the Suburbs Racism, Fascism, and Working-Class Americans, Nation , May 8, 2017, https://www.thenation.com/article/trumpism-its-coming-from-the-suburbs/ .