José L. Martinez - Ethnobotany: Local Knowledge and Traditions

ETHNOBOTANY

Local Knowledge and Traditions

Editors

Jos L. Martinez

Vice Rectory of Research

Development and Innovation

Universidad de Santiago de Chile

Santiago, Chile

Amner Muoz-Acevedo

Chemistry and Biology Research Group

Department of Chemistry and Biology

Universidad del Norte

Barranquilla, Colombia

Mahendra Rai

Department of Biotechnology

SGB Amravati University

Amravati, Maharashtra, India

Cover credit: Reproduced by kind courtesy of Prof. Amner Muoz-Acevedo (co-editor)

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Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data

Names: Martinez, Jose L. (Jose Luis), 1959- editor. | Munoz-Acevedo,
Amner, editor. | Rai, Mahendra, editor.

Title: Ethnobotany: local knowledge and traditions / editors: Jose L. Martinez (Universidad de Santiago de Chile), Amner Munoz-Acevedo
(Universidad del Norte Barranquilla), Mahendra Rai (SGB Amravati University).

Description: Boca Raton, FL : CRC Press, [2018] | Includes bibliographical references and index.

Identifiers: LCCN 2018041061 | ISBN 9781138388987 (hardback)

Subjects: LCSH: Ethnobotany. | Medicinal plants.

Classification: LCC GN476.73 .E845 2018 | DDC 581.6/36--dc23

LC record available at https://lccn.loc.gov/2018041061

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The local knowledge or indigenous knowledge of the use of plants is based on the wisdom and experience of the local community since ancient time. In due course of time, this knowledge becomes the tradition of the local community or tribes. Such knowledge is passed from one generation to another generation and is applied in agriculture, medicines and other household activities. In the past decade, the botanists have made tremendous efforts to gather this knowledge, and eventually, a new branch of botany known as Ethnobotany has originated.

Ethnobotany has always been used as primary source to search biologically active molecules (ca. 60%) from nature and at the same time, it has contributed to the development of drugs (pharmaceutical industry) that have improved the quality of human life. However, some active constituents found within those plants are not the result of the scientific validations based on traditional medicinal uses of plants containing them. On the other hand, there are a few documents/books on ethnobotany (e.g., WHO monographs) containing information about plant-based treatment for specific chronic diseases such as hypertension, cancer, CNS disorders, psoriasis, and urolithiasis, etc.

Most of the plants described in the present book have been used in traditional medicine by local community for specific ailments and the biological activities related to each sickness have been scientifically verified.

We hope that the present book will be an appropriate consultation tool for scientists/professionals/experts such as ethnobotanists, botanists, cell/molecular biologists, chemists, pharmacists, pharmacologists, and environmentalists/ ecologists. It will also be useful for undergraduate and postgraduate students from the same areas and for the pharmaceutical industries.

Jos L. Martinez

Amner Muoz-Acevedo

Mahendra Rai

Contents

Erika Fernanda de Matos Vieira, Maria da Graa Ribeiro Campos and Flvia Cristina Arajo Lucas

Santiago Peredo Parada and Claudia Barrera

Marcelo L. Wagner, Leonardo M. Anconatani, Rafael A. Ricco, Beatriz G. Varela and Gustavo C. Giberti

Melina F. Chamorro, Ana Ladio and Soledad Molares

Juan F. Seminario Cunya, Berardo Escalante Zumaeta and Alejandro Seminario Cunya

Soledad Molares, Ana H. Ladio and Nicols Nagahama

Carolina Alves dos Santos, Marco V. Chaud, Valquria Miwa Hanai Yoshida, Raksha Pandit, Mahendra Rai and Yoko Oshima-Franco

Tanmay Chowdhury, Subhas Chandra Roy and Dilip De Sarker

Jos Luis Ros, Guillermo R. Schinella and Isabel Andjar

Mara I. Stegmayer, Norma H. Alvarez, Melina G. Di Liberto, Lucas D. Daurelio and Marcos G. Derita

Milan S. Stankovi and Nenad M. Zlati

Rosa Luisa Degen de Arra, Yenny Gonzlez and Esteban A. Ferro B.

Shubhangi N. Ingole

Arline Martnez, Luisauris Jaimes, Raul Vinet, Tiare Segura, Claudio Laurido and Jos L. Martnez

Shandesh Bhattarai

Erika Fernanda de Matos Vieira,

Universidade do Estado do Par, Belm, Par, Brasil.

Observatory of Herb-Drug Interactions/Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Coimbra, Heath Sciences Campus, Azinhaga de Santa Comba, Coimbra Portugal.

Coimbra Chemistry Centre (CQC, FCT Unit 313) (FCTUC) University of Coimbra, Rua Larga, Coimbra, Portugal.

Herbrio MFS, Universidade do Estado do Par, Belm, Par, Brasil, Rua do Una, n156, Telgrafo.

Introduction

Studying the historical ethnobotany of medicinal plants is a new method of obtaining information about plants and people derived from historical records, including documents about botany, anthropology, ecology, and history that are still used and relevant today (Prance 2000, Medeiros 2009). Living and learning with diverse ethnic groups have provided valuable contributions to the development of research about natural products, as well as knowledge about the close relationship between the chemical structures of compounds and their biological properties (Viegas Jnior et al. 2006).