Weimin Cai - Pharmacogenomics in Precision Medicine: From a Perspective of Ethnic Differences

This Springer imprint is published by the registered company Springer Nature Singapore Pte Ltd.

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This book focuses on the pharmacogenomics and precision medicine which is to maximize the likelihood of therapeutic efficacy and to minimize the risk of drug toxicity for an individual patient.

This book introduces the principles of pharmacogenomics and precision medicine, followed by the pharmacogenomics aspects of major therapeutic areas such as cardiovascular disease, cancer, organ transplantation, psychiatry, infection, and thrombotic disease. It also includes related areas of genotyping technology and therapeutic drug monitoring in pharmacogenomics; gut microbiota; ethical, legal, and regulatory issues; cost-effectiveness of pharmacogenomics-guided drug therapy; application of pharmacogenomics in drug discovery and development; and clinical implementation of pharmacogenomics for personalized precision medicine.

The ethnic difference of drug effect has become one of the important factors influencing drug uses, medication management, clinical trial, and development of new drugs. Therefore, we have paid much attention from a perspective of ethnic differences to pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics caused by genetic polymorphism in a purpose of rational use and development of existing and new medications.

The contributors of Pharmacogenomics in Precision Medicine come from a team of experts, including professors from academic institutions and practitioners from hospitals. This book will give an in-depth overview of the current state of pharmacogenomics in drug therapy for all health care professionals and graduate students in the ear of precision medicine.

The individual and ethnic differences of drug effects are very important issues in clinical drug therapy. Besides seemingly obvious factors such as body weight, height, gender, age, drug quality, organ function, disease progress complication, and food/drug interaction, genetics also plays an important role in such area. The difference of drug effects caused by genetic variation mainly comes from polymorphism of coding genes of drug metabolizing enzymes, transporters and drug targets, which will influence their pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics. Therefore, they consist of main research field of pharmacogenomics. Furthermore, Precision Medicine Initiative draws more attention of study and application of pharmacogenomics. This chapter will introduce principles of genetic basis, pharmacogenomics, and precision medicine.

Gene is the basic element of heritage information. It usually indicates a specific product (e.g., protein or RNA molecule) of function located in a single nucleotide sequence.