Michael A. Weinstein - The wilderness and the city: American classical philosophy as a moral quest

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title	:	The Wilderness and the City : American Classical Philosophy As a Moral Quest
author	:	Weinstein, Michael A.
publisher	:	University of Massachusetts Press
isbn10 | asin	:	0870233750
print isbn13	:	9780870233753
ebook isbn13	:	9780585084244
language	:	English
subject	Philosophy, American--20th century.
publication date	:	1982
lcc	:	B935.W44 1982eb
ddc	:	191
subject	:	Philosophy, American--20th century.

Page i The Wilderness and the City American Classical Philosophy as a Moral Quest Michael A. Weinstein The University of Massachusetts Press Amherst, 1982

Page ii Copyright 1982 by The University of Massachusetts Press All rights reserved Printed in the United States of America Library of Congress Cataloging in Publication Data Weinstein, Michael A. The wilderness and the city. Includes bibliographical references and index. 1. Philosophy, American20th century. I. Title. B935.W4419182-4769 ISBN 0-87023-375-0AACR2

Page iii To Grace, who taught me the inward tolerance of life and the inner check

Page v Contents Preface vii 1 American Philosophy as a Form of Modern Philosophy 1 2 Josiah Royce 31 3 C. S. Peirce 49 4 William James 69 5 John Dewey 91 6 George Santayana 109 7 American Philosophy and Modern Individualism 129 Notes 157 Name Index 163 Subject Index 165

Page vi The way of reflection is long. The forest of our common human ignorance is dark and tangled. Happy indeed are those who are content to live and to work only in regions where the practical labors of civilization have cleared the land, and where the task of life is to till the fertile fields and to walk in the established ways. The philosopher, in the world of thought, is by destiny forever a frontiersman. To others he must often seem the mere wanderer. He knows best himself how far he wanders, and how often he seems to be discovering only new barrenness in the lonely wilderness Josiah Royce, 1900 The frontiersman may wander; but he must some day win what shall belong to the united empire of human truth. Those are wrong who ask him merely to stay at home. He wanders because he must; and God is to be found also in the wildernesses and in the solitary places of thought. But those are right who ask that the student of philosophy shall find, if he succeeds at all, a living truth; and that the God of the wilderness, if indeed he be the true God, shall show himself also as the keeper of the city. Josiah Royce, 1900 I do not expect to see in my day a genuine, as distinct from a forced and artificial, integration of thought. But a mind that is not too egotistically impatient can have faith that this unification will issue in its season. Meantime a chief task of those who call themselves philosophers is to help get rid of the useless lumber that blocks our highways of thought, and to strive to make straight and open the paths that lead to the future. Forty years spent in wandering in a wilderness like that of the present is not a sad fateunless one attempts to make himself believe that the wilderness is after all itself the promised land. John Dewey, 1930

Page vii Preface The following study is the result of an inquest into the thought of Josiah Royce, C. S. Peirce, William James, John Dewey, and George Santayana, who are widely acknowledged to be the great American classical philosophers. The purpose of my inquiry and of this report of its results has been to determine what is still vital, in the sense of true to life, in the American philosophical tradition; what can be brought forward from it into our own time as the foundation for a contemporary philosophy of life. My discussion, then, does not take the form of a standard commentary, but is, in the sense of Alfred North Whitehead, a "recurrence" to the great American thinkers, an attempt to make contact with their spirit, to bring into the foreground some themes that have been neglected by most of their successors, to make them live as serious thinkers grappling with fundamental human predicaments, and to draw vitality from them. I am engaging in "interpretation" as Josiah Royce defined it. We are, according to Royce, sources of ideas for one another; we define ourselves through "contrast effects'' with others. In my own speculative work, which I consider to be deeply within the American tradition, I define the core of personality as the expression of others to oneself. I have here tried to express the great American thinkers to myself accurately, sympathetically, and critically. I have tried to make my interpretation "representative" in the sense of classical criticism; not merely mine, but gener-

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