Volume 162
Neuromethods
Series Editor
Wolfgang Walz
University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK, Canada
For further volumes: http://www.springer.com/series/7657 Neuromethods publishes cutting-edge methods and protocols in all areas of neuroscience as well as translational neurological and mental research. Each volume in the series offers tested laboratory protocols, step-by-step methods for reproducible lab experiments and addresses methodological controversies and pitfalls in order to aid neuroscientists in experimentation. Neuromethods focuses on traditional and emerging topics with wide-ranging implications to brain function, such as electrophysiology, neuroimaging, behavioral analysis, genomics, neurodegeneration, translational research and clinical trials. Neuromethods provides investigators and trainees with highly useful compendiums of key strategies and approaches for successful research in animal and human brain function including translational bench to bedside approaches to mental and neurological diseases.
Neuromethods publishes cutting-edge methods and protocols in all areas of neuroscience as well as translational neurological and mental research. Each volume in the series offers tested laboratory protocols, step-by-step methods for reproducible lab experiments and addresses methodological controversies and pitfalls in order to aid neuroscientists in experimentation. Neuromethods focuses on traditional and emerging topics with wide-ranging implications to brain function, such as electrophysiology, neuroimaging, behavioral analysis, genomics, neurodegeneration, translational research and clinical trials. Neuromethods provides investigators and trainees with highly useful compendiums of key strategies and approaches for successful research in animal and human brain function including translational bench to bedside approaches to mental and neurological diseases.
Editors
Hani J. Marcus and Christopher J. Payne
Neurosurgical Robotics
1st ed. 2021
Editors
Hani J. Marcus
The National Hospital for Neurology and Neurosurgery, Queen Square, London, UK
Christopher J. Payne
John A. Paulson School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA
ISSN 0893-2336 e-ISSN 1940-6045
Neuromethods
ISBN 978-1-0716-0992-7 e-ISBN 978-1-0716-0993-4
https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-0716-0993-4
Springer Science+Business Media, LLC, part of Springer Nature 2021
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Series Preface
Experimental life sciences have two basic foundations: concepts and tools. The Neuromethods series focuses on the tools and techniques unique to the investigation of the nervous system and excitable cells. It will not, however, shortchange the concept side of things as care has been taken to integrate these tools within the context of the concepts and questions under investigation. In this way, the series is unique in that it not only collects protocols but also includes theoretical background information and critiques which led to the methods and their development. Thus it gives the reader a better understanding of the origin of the techniques and their potential future development. The Neuromethods publishing program strikes a balance between recent and exciting developments like those concerning new animal models of disease, imaging, in vivo methods, and more established techniques, including, for example, immunocytochemistry and electrophysiological technologies. New trainees in neurosciences still need a sound footing in these older methods in order to apply a critical approach to their results.
Under the guidance of its founders, Alan Boulton and Glen Baker, the Neuromethods series has been a success since its first volume published through Humana Press in 1985. The series continues to flourish through many changes over the years. It is now published under the umbrella of Springer Protocols. While methods involving brain research have changed a lot since the series started, the publishing environment and technology have changed even more radically. Neuromethods has the distinct layout and style of the Springer Protocols program, designed specifically for readability and ease of reference in a laboratory setting.
The careful application of methods is potentially the most important step in the process of scientific inquiry. In the past, new methodologies led the way in developing new disciplines in the biological and medical sciences. For example, Physiology emerged out of Anatomy in the nineteenth century by harnessing new methods based on the newly discovered phenomenon of electricity. Nowadays, the relationships between disciplines and methods are more complex. Methods are now widely shared between disciplines and research areas. New developments in electronic publishing make it possible for scientists that encounter new methods to quickly find sources of information electronically. The design of individual volumes and chapters in this series takes this new access technology into account. Springer Protocols makes it possible to download single protocols separately. In addition, Springer makes its print-on-demand technology available globally. A print copy can therefore be acquired quickly and for a competitive price anywhere in the world.
Wolfgang Walz
Saskatoon, SK, Canada
Preface
Neurosurgery is arguably the most technology-intensive surgical discipline. New technologies have preceded many of the major advances in operative neurosurgical techniques, including microsurgery, endoscopy, and image guidance. Robotics has the potential to transform neurosurgery by enabling more precise and delicate interventions. The first report of robot-assisted neurosurgery was in 1985, when a modified industrial robot was used to define the trajectory of a brain biopsy. Since this early description, numerous other neurosurgical robots have been developed. More recently, neurosurgical robots have begun to be introduced into mainstream clinical practiceeverything from deep brain stimulation to pedicle screw placement.