Timothy W. Crawford - The Power to Divide: Wedge Strategies in Great Power Competition

This book was in the works for about fifteen years. That adds up to a lot of debts to family, friends, colleagues, and institutionsincluding some that I have no doubt forgotten.

As the project evolved, many friends and colleagues commented on parts of it or otherwise shared ideas that pushed me along. Yasuhiro Izumikawas scholarship on wedge strategies, and his perceptive commentary on mine, have helped me considerably. Even after enduring more hours of my talking about this project than almost anyone, Mark Sheetz agreed to review the longest version of the manuscript and provided extensive remarks. Two anonymous reviewers of the manuscript, a series editor, and a half-dozen other anonymous reviewers of precursor pieces supplied muchindeed, very muchconstructive criticism. While I doubt that the finished product has remedied all of their concerns, I am certain that their critiques helped to make it better.

Many other colleagues provided substantial feedback and suggestions. Steven Lobell, Norrin Ripsman, and Jeffrey Taliaferro each did so individually and as a team. Stacie Goddard, Ron Krebs, Dan Nexon, and Evan Resnick all weighed in at points along the way. So too did Jason Davidson, Charles Glaser, Mark Haas, Michael Glosny, Eugene Gholz, Lewis Griffith, Robert Jervis, Alexander Lanoszka, Keir Lieber, Sean Lynn-Jones, T. V. Paul, Barry Posen, Jeremy Pressman, George Quester, Joshua Rovner, Robert Ross, Joshua Shifrinson, Jon Schuessler, Jack Snyder, Mark Stoller, Caitlin Talmadge, Keren Yarhi-Milo, and Christopher Williams.

I also benefited much from the comments of participants at research seminars hosted by the International Security Program at the Belfer Center for Science and International Affairs at Harvard University; the Security Studies Program at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology; the National Security Seminar at the John M. Olin Institute for Strategic Studies at Harvard; the Institute for Security and Conflict Studies at George Washington University; the Research Program on International Security at Princeton University; the International Security Program at the University of Denvers Josef Korbel School of International Studies; the Denver Council on Foreign Relations; the Center for American Studies at Doshisha University; and the Graduate School of Asia-Pacific Studies at Waseda University. Special thanks are due to Yasu Izumikawa, Takeshi Lida, and Chikako Kawakatsu Ueki for arranging the latter two events. I must specially thank those who organized and participated in the book workshop at the 2016 Lone Star National Security Forum, where two chapters from an early draft of this book were put through the wringer. The S. Rajaratnam School of International Studies at the Nanyang Technological University generously sponsored a working paper related to this project.

Excellent undergraduate and graduate research assistants at BC helped me with the book: Raakhi Agrawal, Danielle Cardona, Mary Curley, Jonathan Culp, Alexandre Provencher-Gravel, Amanda Rothschild, Leor Sapir, Djuke Stammeshaus, Lara Steele, Paul White, and Gary Winslett.

I am most grateful for the editorial guidance provided by Roger Haydon and Ange Romeo-Hall at Cornell University Press, copy-editing by Anne Davidson, production by Mary Ribesky, and indexing by Lisa DeBoer.

Portions of chapters 4, 5, 7, and 8 contain material published in earlier forms in: Wedge Strategy, Balancing, and the Deviant Case of Spain, 194041, Security Studies 17, no. 1 (Winter 2008): 138; Powers of Division: From the Anti-Comintern to the Nazi-Soviet and Japanese-Soviet Pacts, 19361941, in The Challenge of Grand Strategy: The Great Powers and the Broken Balance between the World Wars , ed. Jeffrey Taliaferro, Steven Lobell, and Norrin Ripsman (New York: Cambridge University Press, 2012), 24678; and The Alliance Politics of Concerted Accommodation: Entente Bargaining and Italian and Ottoman Interventions in the First World War, Security Studies 23, no. 1 (March 2014): 11347.

I am fortunate to have an academic home in the Boston College Political Science Department, where I have been surrounded by a vibrant and growing group of international relations colleagues, including David Deese, Jennifer Erickson, Jonathan Kirshner, Peter Krause, Lindsey ORourke, and last but not least, Robert Ross.