Wendy Z. Goldman - Fortress Dark and Stern: The Soviet Home Front during World War II

Fortress Dark and Stern

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Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data

Names: Goldman, Wendy Z., author. | Filtzer, Donald A., author.

Title: Fortress dark and stern : the Soviet home front during World War II /

Wendy Z. Goldman and Donald Filtzer.

Other titles: Soviet home front during World War II

Description: New York, NY : Oxford University Press, [2021] |

Includes bibliographical references and index.

Identifiers: LCCN 2020037848 (print) | LCCN 2020037849 (ebook) |

ISBN 9780190618414 (hardcover) | ISBN 9780190618438 (epub) |

ISBN 9780190092672

Subjects: LCSH: Soviet UnionHistory19391945. |

World War, 19391945Soviet Union. |

World War, 1939-1945Evacuation of civiliansSoviet Union. |

Soviets (People)Evacuation and relocation, 19421945. |

Soviet UnionHistoryGerman occupation, 19411944. |

War and societySoviet UnionHistory. | Soviet UnionSocial conditions19171945.

Classification: LCC DK273 .G585 2021 (print) | LCC DK273 (ebook) | DDC 940.53/47dc23

LC record available at https://lccn.loc.gov/2020037848

LC ebook record available at https://lccn.loc.gov/2020037849

DOI: 10.1093/oso/9780190618414.001.0001

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Printed by Sheridan Books, Inc., United States of America

To all those who fought against fascism on the home front and the battlefield, in the forests, camps, and ghettos, and to our fathers, Lawrence Goldman and David Filtzer, soldiers both.

We dedicate this book and these many years of research to you.

Lawrence Goldman, Private First Class, receiving the Purple Heart after his transport ship was kamikazied in the Pacific

David Filtzer, army surgeon, who treated ex-prisoners in the liberated Nazi concentration camps

We are grateful to all the many individuals and institutions who helped make this book possible. During the years this book was in the making we received joint and individual research support from the American Council of Learned Societies, the Department of History of Carnegie Mellon University, the National Endowment for the Humanities, and the Wellcome Trust (grant number WT087202MA). We owe a great debt to the archivists and staff in Russia, and Nina Ivanovna Abdulaeva, head of Reading Room 1 at GARF (State Archive of the Russian Federation) in particular, who assisted us in various projects over many years. We also thank the librarians at the Sechenov Central Scientific Medical Library, Moscow, and Sue Collins, Senior Librarian, and Barry Schles, Circulation Associate, at Hunt Library at CMU. Their knowledge and professionalism were indispensable to the successful completion of our research. We are grateful to Ed Serotta, Director of the Centropa Archive, and Michal Friedman for bringing the rich holdings of this repository of oral histories and photographs to our attention.

Many valued colleagues shared their advice, knowledge, research materials, and findings with us, including Natalie Belsky, Fran Bernstein, Chris Burton, Mark Harrison, Donna Harsch, Dan Healey, Naum Kats, Catriona Kelly, Martin Kragh, Rebecca Manley, Alexis Peri, Brandon Schechter, Charles Shaw, Peter Solomon, Carmine Storella, Ronald Suny, and Lynne Viola. Sergei Karpenko, Aleksei Kilichenkov, and Igor Kurukin spent many hours discussing various aspects of the war and provided unique insights into the Russian perspective. Michael David and Dennis Brown were always on hand to answer questions on medicine and health. The anonymous readers for Oxford University Press devoted much time to comment extensively and productively on an earlier version of the manuscript. Tanya Buckingham, Creative Director of the University of Wisconsin Cartography Laboratory, and Austin J. Novak did an excellent job preparing the frontline maps. Susan Ferber, history editor at Oxford University Press, worked closely on all these many pages to create a better book. Karen Anderson, as she has done on several of our books, and working under extremely difficult conditions, did a superb job copy editing our manuscript. All their efforts are warmly appreciated.

We benefited greatly from the comments and discussions when presenting papers and early drafts of the books chapters at various seminars, symposia, lectures, and conferences. An abbreviated list includes the Association for Slavic, East European, and Eurasian Studies (ASEEES); the European Social Sciences History conference; Department of History, University of Arizona; Carlow University; the E. P. Thompson Lecture at the University of Pittsburgh; Elihu Rose Lectures in Modern Military History, Jordan Center, New York University; Japanese Society for the Study of Russian History, Aoyama Gakuin University, Tokyo; International Cultural Studies Program, East-West Center, University of Hawaii, Manoa; National Research University Higher School of Economics, Moscow; Charles University, Prague; Heinrich-Heine Universitt, Dsseldorf; University of Southern Alabama; University of Michigan Russian Studies Workshop; Central European University, Budapest; workshop, Russian and Soviet Healthcare in Comparative Perspective, University College Dublin; German Historical Institute, London; Institute of History, Polish Academy of Sciences, Warsaw; Russian and Soviet Cultural and Social History Seminar, University of Oxford; colloquium, Medicine and Public Health in the USSR and the Eastern Bloc, 19451991, Paris. Thanks to Indiana University Press for permission to republish some material from the chapter, Not by Bread Alone: Food, Workers, and the State, in Wendy Z. Goldman and Donald Filtzer, eds., Hunger and War: Food Provisioning in the Soviet Union during World War II (Bloomington: Indiana University Press, 2015), pp. 4497.

We owe a special debt of gratitude to our partners, Natasha Kurashova, who provided invaluable help with translation issues and daily insights into the social and historical context of our research, and Marcus Rediker, whose enthusiasm for and insight into the many aspects of politics, writing, and organization provided immeasurable help. Needless to say, without the steady interest, critical commentary, and loving support of these two people, the book would have been much diminished.