On Dreams and Dreaming
Edited by
SUDHIR KAKAR
Contents
Series:
Boundaries of Consciousness: The Wasan Conversations
Editors:
Almuth Sellschopp, Helga Breuninger, Katharina Poggendorf-Kakar and Sudhir Kakar
Forthcoming:
Seriously Strange: On Anomalous Phenomena
On Death and Dying
Creativity and Imagination
Foreword to the Series Boundaries of Consciousness
On Dreams and Dreaming is the first volume of a series on Boundaries of Consciousness, which plans to explore the uncharted territory at the edge of our current psychological knowledge. Some of this territory extends into what has been called spirituality or the sacred, and scholars of religious studies and philosophers are as much a part of these conversations as are psychologists and psychoanalysts. The present volume is the fruit of a symposium held at Wasan Island in Lake Muskoka in Ontario, Canada, in August 2009. It will be followed by further symposiums on the paranormal or anomalous phenomena in 2010 and on death and dying in 2011.
Wasan Island is for me a special place where people who want to interact without distractions can meet and learn from each other. A heart-shaped island covered with trees, in the middle of Lake Muskoka in Canada, it lends itself to being a retreat for groups who want to venture into new experiences as well as into an exciting group process.
Wasan Island protects and inspires such learning processes that take place between creative opening and concentrated cooperation, between an ambitious orientation on results and a group dynamic that is typical of the island. For ten years now, the Breuninger Foundation has invited personalities from science, industry, culture and international organizations to Wasan Island during the summer months.
In 2008, we began, with Sudhir Kakar and Almuth Sellschopp, a series of meetings bringing together individuals with high academic reputations in the fields of theology, philosophy, medicine, history and psychotherapy. The intention was to give them the opportunity to present their latest findings from their areas of expertise, to discuss them critically in a protected space, and to locate the findings within a wider, public context.
This concern goes back to my father, the founder of the foundation, Heinz Breuninger, a man who was a model of openness in dialogue and a readiness to get involved, without prejudice, in contradictions.
His main focus was universal history, and under the direction of Rolf-Peter Sieferle the Breuninger Foundation has made a name for itself with the Europische SonderwegEuropean Special Way.
I try to connect my personal scientific upbringing and studies as an economist and psychologist, my socialization within a business family and my situation as a European, to my many years of spiritual experiencethe practice of yoga and meditation, and an intense intellectual engagement with Eastern philosophieswithout getting stuck in esotericism.
The meetings are not only about a high-level, detailed imparting of knowledge but about embedding this knowledge in a dialogue within a small circle: a shared search for ways between difference of views (diversity) and commonness within a framework whose format differs markedly from most academic events. Whereas most academic seminars are concerned with approval or rejection, the differences between positions in the Wasan conversations are valued and controversial viewpoints and dissent are expected to have space to develop.
Wasan Island can then be understood as an experimental field in whichas in the following report on the dream seminartimeless and contemporary, Western and Eastern views of the truth (a definite logic as against the acknowledgement of contradictions) meet.
Thanks to its unique spiritual strength, stemming from its indigenous native American past, Wasan Island is particularly suitable as a location for this project. To this is added a boundary situation that originates from the island itself: its spatial configuration, and a fixed time frame. Paradoxically perhaps, this allows an opening, a movement towards unity, a step beyond the borders of individuality and autonomy. The processes of the symposiums allow the participants to present their position authentically and without fear, to engage with the position of the other without prejudice and without evaluation, and without the feeling that dissent will be edged out. This results in a very fruitful learning climate.
Two important elements of the Wasan conversations should be mentioned: on the one hand, it regularly happens during the course of the symposium that world famous scientists from widely different fields become people who display an interest in dialogue beyond their immediate presentation, and who use the island situation with its various opportunitiesat the dock, at dinner and afterwardsto carry their discussions further. This experience makes the Wasan offer of free spaces outside the formal meetings, in groups and among individuals, so important.
Another element is the transfer that takes place, often of very complicated experiences, back into the world. This transfer should, in the understanding of the Foundation, be commensurate with the outcome of the event and its capacity to apprehend realityalways with the humanistic chance of returning to Wasan Island to assimilate the continually developing process of understanding experience, and to continue the dialogue.
The project Boundaries of Consciousness, with Sudhir Kakar as project leader, comprises four successive seminars. His personality embodies a style of leadership that has the courage, liveliness and spontaneity to look for new balances between psyche and spirituality, and thereby to protect boundaries and construct barriers in the face of potential abysses. Gently sensitive, I see him as an experienced mountain guide on the glaciers of new psycho-spiritual territory, focused on bringing into awareness the barriers of consciousness between subject and object, opposite and yet related, and always aware of the crevasses that lie in wait for the unwary.
My wish is for the reader to encounter the individual contributions with the same curiosity, openness and tolerance that are such a feature of the conference atmosphere on Wasan Island.
Helga Breuninger
Introduction
This volume is the product of an unusual symposium that brought together a distinguished philosopher, a highly regarded Freudian psychoanalyst, a leading Jungian analyst and some of the worlds foremost scholars of dream studies to reflect on the phenomena of dreams and dreaming which have fascinated human beings through the ages and across all cultures. Beginning with a personal introduction to the subject of dreams, the contributors, from North America, Europe and India, discuss one or other or both these questions in their highly original ways before ending with reflections on the wider implications of their contributions. Another eminent psychoanalyst summarizes the discussions that followed the presentations.
The diversity of viewpoints and the wealth of ideas is the potential strength of any volume of collected essays by different authors. The potential weakness of such an undertaking is this very multiformity that can bewilder a reader searching for a coherent framework that holds the diverse contributions together, a reader who is curious to know how it all hangs together. The task of an introduction is not to provide this missing framework where one doesnt exist but at least to try and find common links between the essays and thus provide a canvas for an artwork that is less a painting than a collage.