Martin Gilbert - Winston S. Churchill: World in Torment, 1916–1922

Churchill at Lille, 28 October 1918, watching a march-past

WINSTON S. CHURCHILL

by MARTIN GILBERT

VOLUME IV

WORLD IN TORMENT

19161922

Hillsdale College Press

RosettaBooks

2015

Hillsdale College Press
33 East College Street
Hillsdale, Michigan 49242
www.hillsdale.edu

Winston S. Churchill: World in Torment, 19161922 (Volume IV)
Copyright 1975 C & T Publications Limited

Originally published in 1975 by William Heinemann Ltd. in Great Britain and by Houghton Mifflin in the United States.

All rights reserved. eBook edition published 2015 by Hillsdale College Press and RosettaBooks
Cover art by Jirka Vtinen (based on photograph from the Imperial War Museum, 28 October 1918)
Cover design by Jay McNair
ISBN e-Pub edition: 9780795344541

www.RosettaBooks.com

Illustrations

1. Frontispiece: Churchill at Lille, 28 October 1918
[Imperial War Museum]

Section 1

2. Churchill and his wife in 1919
[Churchill Press Cutting Albums]

3. Churchill visits a munitions works, Glasgow, October 1918
[Radio Times Hulton Picture Library]

4. Churchill speaking to munitions workers
[Radio Times Hulton Picture Library]

5. Churchill with women munitions workers
[Radio Times Hulton Picture Library]

6. Churchill in a munitions works
[Radio Times Hulton Picture Library]

7. The avenue of trees at the Chateau Verchocq
[Martin Gilbert archive]

8. The Chateau Verchocq
[Martin Gilbert archive]

9. Churchill, his brother and Eddie Marsh, Lille, 28 October 1918
[Imperial War Museum]

10. Lloyd George at Lympne, a photograph taken in 1920
[Sybil, Lady Cholmondeley and Mr Wakefield]

11. Haig and Rawlinson, a photograph taken on 19 March 1920
[The Press Association Ltd]

12. Clemenceau
[Bibliothque Nationale, Paris]

13. Foch
[Ministry of Defence, Paris]

14. Loucheur, Churchill, Lloyd George and Bernard Baruch, Paris, 1919
[Churchill Photograph Albums]

Section 2

15. Sir Henry Wilson and Churchill, Paris, March 1919
[Associated Newspapers Group Ltd]

16. British Ministers, Paris, June 1919
[Imperial War Museum]

17. A. J. Balfour
[Press Association]

18. Lord Curzon
[Press Association]

19. Andrew Bonar Law
[Press Association]

20. H. A. L. Fisher
[Mrs Bennett]

21. Admiral Kolchak
[Literary Executors of the late Colonel Peter Fleming]

22. General Denikin
[Radio Times Hulton Picture Library]

23. General Wrangel; a contemporary postcard, 1920
[Martin Gilbert archive]

24. Leonid Krassin
[Skeffington & Son, Ltd]

25. Into Russia, Out of Russia: a cartoon by Strube
[Daily Express, 8 September 1919]

26. Winstonsky: a cartoon by Low, 12 August 1920
[Sir David Low Trustees]

27. Churchill addressing British troops, Cologne, August 1919
[Radio Times Hulton Picture Library]

28. Churchill inspecting troops, Cologne, August 1919
[Churchill Photograph Albums]

29. At Cologne, August 1919
[Miss M. G. Bradshaw]

30. Lord Londonderry and Churchill in 1919
[The Press Association Ltd]

Section 3

31. Winstons Bag: a cartoon by Low, 21 January 1920
[Sir David Low Trustees]

32. At the Hendon Aerial Pageant, 3 July 1920
[Radio Times Hulton Picture Library]

33. With Lord Trenchard at Hendon, 3 July 1920
[2nd Viscount Trenchard]

34. General Sir Charles Harington
[Sir Anthony Rumbold]

35. Churchill, Balfour, Poincar, Lloyd George and Ptain, 1920
[The Times]

36. A Little War Coming in the East: a cartoon by Strube
[Daily Express, 23 January 1920]

37. Eamon De Valera and Arthur Griffith, July 1921
[Radio Times Hulton Picture Library]

38. Sir James Craig
[Radio Times Hulton Picture Library]

39. Michael Collins, March 1922
[Radio Times Hulton Picture Library]

40. Churchill on his way to the Irish Conference, October 1921
[Churchill Press Cutting Albums]

41. Churchill and General Macready, the Inverness Cabinet, 7 September 1921
[Radio Times Hulton Picture Library]

42. Dr Winstons Insulting Room: a cartoon by Poy
[Daily Mail, 17 February 1920]

43. Churchill, and his cousin Frederick Guest, 11 April 1921
[The Press Association Ltd]

44. Socialism Bogey: a cartoon by Low, 10 May 1922
[Sir David Low Trustees]

45. Churchill on his polo pony, 11 May 1921
[Radio Times Hulton Picture Library]

46. Strenuous Lives: a cartoon by David Wilson
[Passing Show, 14 February 1920]

Section 4

47. Lloyd George and Churchill, 10 February 1922
[The Press Association Ltd]

48. Lloyd George, Churchill and Lord Birkenhead, a few moments later, 10 February 1922
[Central Press Photos Ltd]

49. Hats you cant talk through: a cartoon by Strube
[Daily Express, 18 January 1921]

50. The Cairo Conference, March 1921
[William Gordon Davis]

51. Sir John Shuckburgh
[Sir Evelyn Shuckburgh]

52. Churchill, his wife and T. E. Lawrence at the pyramids, 20 March 1921
[Churchill Photograph Albums]

53. Fiddling While Rome Burns: a cartoon by Poy
[Daily Mail, March 1921]

54. Abdullah, Samuel and Churchill, Jerusalem, March 1921
[Israel State Archives: Ben Dov Collection]

55. Churchill, Lawrence and Abdullah, Jerusalem, March 1921
[G. Eric Matson]

56. Churchill at Sir Henry Wilsons funeral, 26 June 1922
[Churchill Press Cutting Albums]

57. Churchill at Dundee, supported by his detective, November 1922
[The Courier & Advertiser, Dundee]

58. Churchill at Dundee, carried by four citizens
[The Courier & Advertiser, Dundee]

59. Churchill at Dundee, waiting to speak
[The Courier & Advertiser, Dundee]

Preface

This volume spans six years of Winston Churchills life, from December 1916 to November 1922. For all but six months of this period he was a member of Lloyd Georges Cabinet, first at the Ministry of Munitions, then at the War Office and finally at the Colonial Office. Among the challenges with which he had to deal were the demobilization of the armies in January 1919, the British intervention against Bolshevism in Russia, the civil war in Ireland and the problems created by Britains new Middle East territories. He was also called upon by Lloyd George during several crises, including the German breakthrough in March 1918 and the Chanak crisis of September 1922. During these six years, Churchills power of organization, of hard work and of oratory, reached a high point, recognized by his colleagues and respected by his critics. He was a leading advocate of economy in defence expenditure, and of appeasement in European affairs. His parliamentary speeches sustained the Government in several moments of crisis. In his public speeches he emerged as a leading opponent of the Labour Party, and as the determined enemy of any future Labour administration.