International Relations in France
Why is the French International Relations (IR) discipline different from the transnational-American discipline? By analysing argument structures in research articles across time and from both sides of the Atlantic, this book shows how the discipline in France is caught between the American character of the discipline and the French state as regulator of legitimate forms of expression. Concretely, French research arguments are less explicit about what their propositions are and what academic discussions they draw on and add to than their transnational-American counterparts.
Based on a comparative case study of French and American IR research from 1950 to 2011, the book is a major contribution to the meta-IR literature on global, regional and national traditions of IR. The challenge to the French discipline of whether and how to position itself in relation to the evolving American discipline is in many ways exemplary for other non-American national IR disciplines, and the choices as well as the structural conditions underlying the French case are relevant to all non-Western disciplines.
The comparative analysis moreover reveals that the modern American discipline what is considered as recognisably social science takes shape only during the 1970s. The book thus offers new knowledge about the disciplines international development as such. Both case and methodology are interesting to larger audiences outside IR, in the history and sociology of social science, contrastive rhetoric, as well as French and cultural studies.
Henrik Breitenbauch is Senior Researcher at the Department of Political Science, University of Copenhagen, Denmark.
Worlding Beyond the West
Series Editors:
Arlene B. Tickner
Universidad de los Andes, Bogot
and
Ole Wver
University of Copenhagen
The Worlding Beyond the West series editorial board are:
Naeem Inayatullah (Ithaca College, USA), Himadeep Muppidi (Vassar College, USA), Pinar Bilgin (Bilkent University, Turkey), Mustapha Kamal Pasha (University of Aberdeen, UK), Sanjay Seth (Goldsmiths, University of London, UK), Qin Yaqing (China Foreign Affairs University, China), Navnita Chandra Behera (Jamia Milia Islamia University, India) and David Blaney (Macalester College, USA).
Historically, the field of International Relations has established its boundaries, issues, and theories based upon Western experience. This series aims to explore the role of geocultural factors in setting the concepts and epistemologies through which IR knowledge is produced. In particular, it seeks to identify alternatives for thinking about the international that are more in tune with local concerns and traditions outside the West.
1 | International Relations Scholarship Around the World Edited by Arlene B. Tickner and Ole Wver
|
2 | Thinking the International Differently Edited by Arlene B. Tickner and David L. Blaney
|
3 | International Relations in France Writing between discipline and state Henrik Breitenbauch |
First published 2013
by Routledge
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Simultaneously published in the USA and Canada
by Routledge
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Routledge is an imprint of the Taylor & Francis Group, an informa business
2013 Henrik Breitenbauch
The right of Henrik Breitenbauch to be identified as author of this work has been asserted by him in accordance with the Copyright, Designs and Patent Act 1988.
All rights reserved. No part of this book may be reprinted or reproduced or utilised in any form or by any electronic, mechanical, or other means, now known or hereafter invented, including photocopying and recording, or in any information storage or retrieval system, without permission in writing from the publishers.
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British Library Cataloguing in Publication Data
A catalogue record for this book is available from the British Library
Library of Congress Cataloging in Publication Data
Breitenbauch, Henrik.
The international relations discipline in France: writing between discipline and state / Henrik Breitenbauch.
pages cm
1. International relations -Research -France. 2. International relations -Research -United States. 3. International relations -Sociological aspects. 4. International relations -Cross-cultural studies. I. Title.
JZ1238.F73B74 2013
327.072044 -dc23
2012048133
ISBN: 978-0-415-63004-7 (hbk)
ISBN: 978-0-203-40316-7 (ebk)
Typeset in Times New Roman
by Wearset Ltd, Boldon, Tyne and Wear
Contents
Institutional origins of French IR
Notes
This book examines the case of French International Relations (IR) within the context of the transnational-American discipline and while doing so proposes a framework for the analysis of social science disciplines in a long-term, comparative perspective with special emphasis on the role that legitimate forms of expression play in their development.
This is a study on the International Relations tradition in France. Its analysis is comparative in spirit. Through the book, we examine the institutional origins and development of the French tradition and its relative integration into the transnational-American discipline in terms of production of knowledge, and we at length scrutinise how article argument structures have developed over a time-span of 60 years within both traditions relative to an idealised modern social science standard. We also track the particularities between the French and the transnational-American argument structures in detail and show how these legitimate because academically sanctioned forms of expression are congruent with a specific essay genre, la dissertation . This genre is at the heart of French education, including up to the entrance exams to public sector jobs, the concours . We then show how the development of this genre is tied up with the long-term development of the French state and its system of elite reproduction through the distribution of symbolic capital. Finally, we discuss implications for the French and transnational-American discipline including the apparent low degree of globality of the latter. The argument, then, shows how the French traditions particularity is a result of how its writing is shaped between academic disciplinarity, including the relationship with the transnational-American discipline, and the French state.
The book, however, is more than a case study within International Relations. It also comes with a proposition for the sociology of the social sciences. The approach proposed in this volume is conceived to address a larger story in a more systematic fashion than usual. This story is the long-term institutional establishment and development of the modern social sciences since the mid-nineteenth century in their comparative international context. The current patterning and distribution of funds and relative division of labour within the wider Geisteswissenschaften is often taken for granted. Yet in, for example, political science the remnant of an earlier conceptualisation of how to approach the issues of the field remains, sometimes uncomfortably, in the shape of political theory. The current present of the disciplines may be much shorter in terms of research fronts, but the long story of the establishment, spread and ultimately very successful development of modern social science is a century and a half long. In fact, the way the modern social sciences developed in the boom years following the Second World War, initially and especially in the United States, was in many ways contingent upon the structures of institutions graduate schools and libraries and the journal system that had slowly developed in the preceding century.