Patricia Bauer - Arab Spring Challenges for Democracy and Security in the Mediterranean

This volume presents essential aspects of Mediterranean politics to be reconsidered in the light of the Arab upheavals since 2010. Taking as its focal point the question of how far EuropeanMediterranean relations are challenged by the various developments, this book explores the relationship between security and democracy within the Arab countries and in European-Mediterranean relations. The ambiguity between the promotion of democratic values and the preservation of common interests in economic and security affairs is stirred up by changing political actors and new conflictual constellations inside the Arab countries.

The chapters in this volume offer a range of different angles on the re-formulation of the European Neighbourhood Policy as well as the Democracy Assistance towards the Southern Mediterranean. They discuss the major security issues of a cooperative security architecture, counter-terrorism action, migration control and security sector reform in order to explore the relevant challenges in the field. The contributions analyse the recent developments and challenges, provide critical insights into those fields and endeavour to provide some proposals for improving Mediterranean cooperation on democracy and security.

This book was originally published as a special issue of Democracy and Security.

Patricia Bauer teaches Politics and International Relations at the University of Dundee, United Kingdom. Her areas of specialization are: peace and security in international relations; European Union external relations; and Mediterranean security. Her research focuses on the relations between transition, democratization and security in the near abroad of the European Union in the Southern Mediterranean and Eastern Europe. Previously, she held research and teaching positions at Cairo University, Egypt, the University of Osnabrck, Germany, and the University of the Federal Armed Forces, Hamburg, Germany.

Edited by
Patricia Bauer

First published 2015

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ISBN 13: 978-1-138-79014-8

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Patricia Bauer

Ingeborg Tmmel

Sally Khalifa Isaac

Andrea Teti, Darcy Thompson, and Christopher Noble

Federica Bicchi and Benedetta Voltolini

Neve Gordon and Sharon Pardo

Fulvio Attin

Alex MacKenzie, Christian Kaunert, and Sarah Lonard

Peter Seeberg

Francesca Longo

The chapters in this book were originally published in Democracy and Security, volume 9, issues 12 (June 2013). When citing this material, please use the original page numbering for each article, as follows:

Chapter 1

EuropeanMediterranean Security and the Arab Spring: Changes and Challenges

Patricia Bauer

Democracy and Security, volume 9, issues 12 (June 2013) pp. 118

Chapter 2

The New Neighborhood Policy of the EU: An Appropriate Response to the Arab Spring?

Ingeborg Tmmel

Democracy and Security, volume 9, issues 12 (June 2013) pp. 1939

Chapter 3

Rethinking the New ENP: A Vision for an Enhanced European Role in the Arab Revolutions

Sally Khalifa Isaac

Democracy and Security, volume 9, issues 12 (June 2013) pp. 4060

Chapter 4

EU Democracy Assistance Discourse in Its New Response to a Changing

Neighbourhood

Andrea Teti, Darcy Thompson, and Christopher Noble

Democracy and Security, volume 9, issues 12 (June 2013) pp. 6179

Chapter 5

EU Democracy Assistance in the Mediterranean: What Relationship with the Arab Uprisings?

Federica Bicchi and Benedetta Voltolini

Democracy and Security, volume 9, issues 12 (June 2013) pp. 8099

Chapter 6

What Can Pro-Democracy Activists in Arab Countries Expect from the European Union? Lessons from the Unions Relations with Israel

Neve Gordon and Sharon Pardo

Democracy and Security, volume 9, issues 12 (June 2013) pp. 100119

Mediterranean Security Revisited

Fulvio Attin

Democracy and Security, volume 9, issues 12 (June 2013) pp. 120136

Chapter 8

EU Counterterrorism and the Southern Mediterranean Countries after the Arab Spring: New Potential for Cooperation?

Alex MacKenzie, Christian Kaunert, and Sarah Lonard

Democracy and Security, volume 9, issues 12 (June 2013) pp. 137156

Chapter 9

The Arab Uprisings and the EUs Migration PoliciesThe Cases of Egypt, Libya, and Syria

Peter Seeberg

Democracy and Security, volume 9, issues 12 (June 2013) pp. 157176

Chapter 10

The Relevance of Security Sector Reform in Humanitarian Intervention: The Case of the European Union in the Mediterranean

Francesca Longo

Democracy and Security, volume 9, issues 12 (June 2013) pp. 177192

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Patricia Bauer

Political Science, European Peace University, Austria

The policy of the European Union (EU) toward the Mediterranean has undergone two main metamorphoses during the last 25 years. In 1995, it started from a collective security idea with the Barcelona Process, but due to the poor success of this collective approach, it underwent a realist turn with the creation of the European Neighbourhood Policy in 2004. The Arab Spring in 2011, by questioning authoritarianism, influenced the perception of what is recognized as a security problem and who can define it. The authoritarian rulers and their supporting security forces are now challenged by their populations, and societal circumstances are so unstable that nearly every domestic problem can be politically given a spin to become a security risk. Aside from this, violent conflicts and civil wars demand an answer from the EU. In this situation, the EUs answer to the Arab Spring does not directly respond to the changing security situation in the Mediterranean. It emphasizes domestic democracy and civil society but does not take up the potential risk discourses. Concerning violent conflicts, the EU as a community is not at all active in the region but leaves this field to its member states, NATO, the Arab League, and the United Nations. Thus, the perceptions, ideas, and needs of Mediterranean security between the EU and the Southern partner states still differ harshly and seem to disregard the risk dimension of the Mediterranean security problems in this period of Arab transition.